The Hughes Family in America

1698 – 1998

Our Hughes Lineage for Three Centuries

Prepared by: David Tom Hughes

An Eleventh Generation Descendant

1998

 

Dedicated to the 21st Century Hugheses

Undertaken initially with the help of Ina (Hughes) Kirkman (“Aunt Ina,” deceased) of Sumas, Washington, this document would have been impossible to complete without the hard work in research and generosity in information-sharing of Barbara (Hughes) Turner of Orem, Utah, and Kathy (Sadler) Miklovich of Cambridge, Ontario, Canada, and the interest and enthusiasm of my uncle, RR (Bob) Hughes.

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Our Hughes Family
Three Centuries in America

 

Content

      A Brief Account of the Society of  Friends in Colonial America           71

      The 18^th and 19^th Century Journals of Timothy and Wing Rogers         75  

         The First Eight Generations of  Hughes Families in America              9

         The Descendants of John Wesley and Sarah (Vincent) Hughes           108

 

 

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Our Hughes Family,
Three Centuries in America

Which Ancestors are Included?  This account focuses on my own direct Hughes ancestral line.  Beginning with my Hughes great grand parents, John Wesley and Sarah (Vincent) Hughes, the account traces the male line of my Hughes ancestors back eight generations to immigrant John Hugh, who was born in Wales in 1653.  This ancestral line, of course, coincides exactly with that of my father, my brother, our children, and the families of my Hughes uncles, aunt, first cousins, their children, and all of my father’s Hughes uncles, aunts, first cousins, nephews, nieces, and their children.

Excluded in the text is all but passing reference to the cousins who are descended from the many siblings of my direct Hughes ancestors, even though these relatives can claim the same ancestral line.  I have only sketchy information on all of the Hughes and Hughes-related families from the seven  generations that preceded my great grand parents.  Moreover, reporting on even a portion of the related families would make the account too large and unwieldy.  The huge size, for example, of immigrant John Hugh’s sister's family, the Foulkes, has daunted me from even attempting to assemble it in my genealogical computer files.

Appendix I provides the names of the members of the families of the first eight generations of Hugheses in my direct ancestral line on the American continent.

Appendix II provides the names and family relationships of the members of generations nine through 14.  (I’m in the 11th generation.)  The living members of the generations in Appendix II constitute the definition of “Our” family in this account’s title and text, even though, as stated above, many other Hugheses and Hughes cousins can claim the same ancestral line.

         Source Weaknesses and Strengths  Time constraints preclude carrying out painstaking research at the main libraries that store information on our Hughes family ancestors during colonial times.  These comprise the Quaker collections at the Haverford and Swarthmore college libraries in Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania Historical Society in Philadelphia, and the Berks County Historical Society in Reading, Pennsylvania.  Therefore, I have used the publications of others who have done the research, thus opening myself to passing on their mistakes, and dealing sometimes with conflicting information.

         Nevertheless, the few hours that I have spent at the library of the Berks County Historical Society have convinced me that, with one possible exception, my information is accurate and complete.  The possible exception has to do with the order of John Hugh's first two wives, and indeed whether there even were two -- or just one -- prior to 1717 when, as a widower, he married Ellin Williams. 

         We are extremely fortunate 1) that John Hugh's brother-in-law, Edward Foulke, provided a written account of the 1698 migration voyage from Liverpool to Philadelphia, and 2) that our ancestors were Quakers (Society of Friends) and that Quakers kept immaculate records.  Few people who trace their genealogical background have such resources.

         Some of the information is from my own observation during trips to the Gwynedd, Oley Valley, and Catawissa/Roaring Creek areas of Pennsylvania in September and October 1996 and in September 1997, and to Iowa and Kansas in August 1997.

 

         A bibliography is at the end of the account.

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         Our Hughes ancestors emigrated from Wales, arriving in Philadelphia on July 17, 1698.  They lived in Pennsylvania until 1805, in Ontario, Canada until 1853, in Iowa and Kansas until 1900, and mainly in Washington, Oregon, Utah, and Montana from then until the present.[1]

         There were nine generations in America in our Hughes line prior to the current oldest living member, who -- as of July 1998 -- is John Wesley Hughes of Harrison, Montana, age 92 years.

         Geographically, the family first settled about 15 miles north of Philadelphia in an area that they named Gwynedd (pronounced "Gwineth") after their home region in Wales.  The nine generations of our Hughes ancestors then proceeded to move, in five stages spanning 200 years, all the way to the West Coast.

Move #1:  In 1731, John Hugh and his son and grandson, Ellis and John, moved to Pennsylvania's Oley Valley, about 30 to 40 miles (as the crow flies) northwest of Gwynedd.  They are buried there at the Society of Friends (Quaker) Exeter Meeting burial ground.

Move #2:  Great grandson George (the second John's son) moved to Catawissa, Pennsylvania in about 1775.  Catawissa is 50 to 60 miles northwest of the Oley Valley (again, as the crow flies) on the south bank of the Susquehanna River.  George was buried in 1795 either at Catawissa or at nearby Roaring Creek.

Move #3:    In 1805, George's son James and his family (including a one year old son named George – our next direct ancestor) emigrated from the Catawissa/Roaring Creek area to Uxbridge, Ontario, Canada near the north shore of Lake Ontario.  James is buried at the nearby Pickering Orthodox Meeting House burial ground.

Move #4:    George emigrated from Canada to Iowa in 1853, and is buried in Salem, Iowa.  George's son, Edwin, (and most of the rest of George's 15 children) went with his parents to Iowa.  Edwin is buried in Seneca, Kansas.

Move #5:    Edwin's son, John Wesley, completed the westward movement around 1900, stopping briefly in Montana, but settling in Sumas, Washington, where he is buried.  Three of John Wesley’s sons, Edwin, William (Bill), and Thomas Sievers (T.S.), went part way, but stayed in Montana and are buried there at McAllister, the community that they helped pioneer in the Madison Valley during the early part of the 20th century.  The other five children -- Ira, Roy, Martha (Mattie), Lora, and Ina -- made their lives in Washington and Oregon, and are buried in Washington.
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1.  Including the descendants of my Grand Father’s siblings, more than 90 percent of living Hughes descendants whose addresses I know reside in Washington, Oregon, Utah, and Montana.  The remainder live in Canada and 13 states, including Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Idaho, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

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         OUR HUGHES FAMILIES IN AMERICA 

 

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Generation 9   Born in Iowa and Kansas;   Died in Montana and Washington

Edwin        William      Ira           Roy            Martha            Thomas           Lora        Ina

1873          1874          1876         1878           1881               1884                1891        1893

   to               to              to               to              to                      to                  to              to

1908          1972          1927          1956           1949               1964              1990        1986

 

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         (Yet to be done.)

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         We are fortunate that John Hugh's brother-in-law, Edward Foulke, wrote an account in 1702 of his emigration to America.  This is the only chronicle cited in any of the sources that I've found.  Although Edward did not specifically mention John Hugh (or anyone else), it seems irrefutable that John and his family came over on the same voyage.  Numerous sources mention John's immigration in 1698.  John and Edward both are mentioned in various sources as "Welsh settlers of Gwynedd," and their names are listed among the original purchasers in 1698 of the 11,450 acre tract of land that comprised the Gwynedd, PA settlement.  Rough maps show Edward Foulke's 712 acres in the neighborhood of John's 648 acres.  Edward's conversion from the Church of England to the Society of Friends is listed in Quaker records, and John's and Edward's children, Ellis and Jane, married in 1713.

         One of Edward's descendants translated his account of the voyage from Wales to Philadelphia from Welsh to English, and the translation is more expressive than anything that I could provide.  Therefore, I have copied below his entire story of the trip, as entered in Quaker records.[2]

 

         Edward wrote, "We lived (in Wales) at a place called Coodyfoel, a farm belonging to Rodger Price, of Rhewlass, in Merionethshire, aforesaid.  But in process of time, I had an inclination to remove thence with my family, to the province of Pennsylvania, and in order thereto, we set out on the 3d day of the Second month, April, Anno Domini, 1698, and came in two days to Liverpool, where, with divers others who intended to go the voyage, we took shipping the 17th of the same month, on board the Robert and Elizabeth, and the next day, set sail for Ireland, where we arrived and staid until the 1st of the Third month, May, and thence sailed again for Pennsylvania, and were about eleven weeks at sea -- and the sore distemper of the bloody flux broke out in the vessel, of which died five and forty persons in our passage.  The distemper was so mortal, that two or three corpses were cast over every day, while it lasted.  But through the favor and mercy of Devine Providence, I, with my wife and nine children, escaped that sore mortality, and arrived safe at Philadelphia about the 17th of the Fifth month, July, where we were kindly received and entertained by our friends and old acquaintance, until I purchased a tract of about seven hundred acres of land, about sixteen miles from Philadelphia, on a part of which I settled.  Divers others of our company, who came over sea together, settled

 near me about the same time, which was the beginning of November, 1698, and the township was named Gwynedd, or North Wales."[3]

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2.   The spelling, grammar, and punctuation are those of the translator.

3. The months cited by Edward are based on the Julian calendar and the Quaker system of counting, instead of naming, the months.  Under the Quaker system, March was the "1st month."

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Our Hughes Ancestors in Pennsylvania

Gwynedd (1698-1731), Exeter (1731-1774) 
Cattawissa and Roaring Creek (1774-1805)

 

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         Gwynedd

         After landing at Philadelphia on July 17, 1698, John Hugh and his family and shipmates settled on an 11,450 acre tract of land about 15 miles north of Philadelphia's Delaware River port facilities.  They named the area Gwynedd after their home area in Wales.  Among the original purchasers of this Township are the names, "John Hugh and John Humphery, Friends and Preachers. [4]

         The land was heavily timbered with oaks, hickories, and chestnuts, and must have required a major effort to clear.  Some sources say there were few, if any, Indians, but others talk about buying venison from the Indians.  The settlers may have grown a little buckwheat between landing in July and settling in November, but it couldn't have been much.  One source quotes a letter saying that the plowing was done very "bungerly."[5]  There were berries and "Indian corn," but the first winter, at least, they almost certainly depended heavily for food on the largess of Welsh neighbors who had arrived in the 1680s and settled on a 40,000 acre "barony" to the south, where Philadelphia now (in 1998) is.  Many of the Gwynedd settlers apparently lived in dugouts, and to have a cabin with "barked" (or peeled) logs was seen as a great step up.

         John: Generation One, Immigrant  Born in 1653, John Hugh lived his first 45 years in Wales.  He was a member of a web of related Welsh "clans" that had lived in the Denbighshire area of Wales for eight centuries or more.[6]  His parents were Cadwalader Hugh and Gwen William.  As with most other Welsh and English Quaker families, religion probably drove John's 1698 decision to migrate to Pennsylvania.  He and his many neighbors who migrated around the same time undoubtedly sought to take advantage of the fortuitous availability of good land in Quaker Pennsylvania, which William Penn (a Quaker) had established in 1681, to escape rugged persecution of Quakers by the Church of England.

English colonists in America trying to protect their settlements were drawn into a series of four wars beginning in 1689 between England and France and England and Spain.  These included King William's War (1689-1697), Queen Anne's War (1702-1713), the War of Jenkins' Ear (1739), and King George's War (1745-1748).

         John's original land purchase in Pennsylvania totaled 648 acres.  This apparently remained the "home farm" until 1731, even though John began selling, or willing to his sons, parts of it in 1708, just ten years after arriving.  In 1731, John moved to the Oley Valley area of Pennsylvania with his son Ellis and family.  He died five years later in 1736 at age 83, and Quaker records list him as being the very first to be buried in the Exeter Meeting burial ground in Oley Valley.

         John's patent (deed) described his 648 acres in Gwynedd as, "Beginning at a black oak (Horsham Corner); thence southwest by land of Thomas Sidow, and other land 844 perches to a black oak by land of Richard Whitpain and Co.; thence northwest by line of Whitpain 118 perches to a corner of William John's land; thence northeast 844 perches to a corner of Hugh Griffith's land and in Joseph Fisher's line; thence southeast by said line 128 perches to place of beginning.[7]

         I have marked my estimate of the location of John's farm on maps (pages 15, 16, and 21)

         John sold or willed his land in three parcels.  The first in 1708 was to his oldest son, Rowland, who was willed a strip four-fifths of a mile long and two-fifths in breadth on the eastern corner.  Also in 1708, John sold the middle 100 acres of his land to his neighbor, John Humphery.  This piece was nearly square in shape, and is now (in 1998) traversed by the highway leading from the Springhouse to Three Tuns in the Gwynedd area.  Ellis, John's second son and our next ancestor, later bought, or was willed the remaining 359 acres.  In 1732, following his 1731 move to the Oley Valley, Ellis sold 187 acres of his portion of John's original farm, but I have not found any record of when he sold the remainder

         I believe that John was married three times.  The records are sketchy and the information in them contradictory, but my best estimate is that Martha Caimot was his first wife and also the mother of at least three children, including Ellis.  Martha, however, either died before John left Wales or during the voyage, because records show John as the father of Rowland, Jane, and Ellis when he and Eleanor/Ellin/Ellen Ellis had two daughters, Margaret and Gainor, in 1702 and 1704, respectively.  John then was a widower when he married Ellin Williams in February 1717.[8]

         Three hundred years later, it is not surprising that I cannot find any physical evidence--a cornerstone, fence, or building--of John Hugh's years on his Gywnedd farm.  Remarkably, however, a number of the original place names remain

·   The area is still called Gwynedd, and the site of the Society of Friends Meeting House (church), established in 1699 is marked.  A graveyard, possibly dating from that time, and a newer Meeting House are on the site.

·   Some of the landmarks mentioned as boundary lines or reference points in the official descriptions of John's land and the parcels that he sold are there.  These include, for example, Horsham, Whitpain, the Springhouse, and Three Tuns. 

         Gwynedd now appears to be a more-or-less upscale suburban region on the outer fringes of the northern Philadelphia suburbs.  It is heavily forested, with the houses set far enough apart that I suspect that zoning dictates a minimum of five acres per lot.

         Pictures that I took  on September 16, 1996, show some of the place names. See pictures beginning page 123.

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 4.  John Hugh, John Humphery and his nephew, Rowland Ellis, were the only Quaker men on the 1698 voyage from Wales.  Many shipmates, who had been with the Church of England, converted later.

5.  The moldboard iron plow wasn't developed and patented until about a century later.

6.  This area  in Wales was encompassed in an area called Gywnedd in the same sense that Montana is encompassed in "the West."  Gywnedd, or north Wales, had fought to sustain its way of life for centuries, first against the Romans in about 50 BC, then the Vikings, the Normans, etc.  They remained isolated and set in their ways even after succumbing to Edward the First in the 13th century.

7.   Websters Third New International Dictionary describes a perch, in the context of British measurement, as, "Any of various units of measure for stonework."

8.  Unfortunately, Quaker records also show that Martha Caimot is buried with John in the Exeter Friends Meeting burial ground.  The information is contradictory.

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Pennsylvania –  Oley Valley,   Land Ownership in 1750

 

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Oley Valley: Exeter Meeting

         Quaker records claim that Ellis was drawn to move his family from Gwynedd to the Oley Valley in 1731 by, "...a strong draft of love attending his mind."  I would speculate that he may also have been looking for better land to farm, and may have been influenced by his good friend and fellow Quaker, George Boone, who had settled in Oley in 1720.

         Based mainly on wheat farming, Oley Valley was beginning, in 1731, to become a prosperous place by 18th century standards.  Bread made from the abundance of Oley Valley wheat (as well as from other Pennsylvania areas) fed people in Philadelphia, in Britain's New England fishing towns and Caribbean sugar plantations, and in the elegant townhouses and slum hovels of London.

         Oley Valley was among the best endowed Pennsylvania areas in terms of the basic requirements for wheat farming, including fertile soil, adequate rainfall, a temperate climate, and a rolling topography with the many streams required for gristmills that derived their power from falling water.  Oley Valley also was endowed with enough pockets of iron ore to make it a center for charcoal-fired iron production.  Not only did this make Pennsylvania England's chief iron-producing colony, but also it provided the raw materials for making tools, such as plows, hoes, and axes, for the local farmers.

         Welsh and English Quakers who had moved from Gwynedd and Abington Meetings (Congregations) near Philadelphia, led by the Boone family, comprised one of four major settler groups in Oley Valley.  The others were 1) the "Ancient" Swedes, 2) Netherlanders, Scots, and Anglos of New England heritage, and 3) a large group of families from the Palatinate, including many of Swiss and French derivation.  In time, the plethora of European regional identities coalesced into those who spoke either German or English as their primary language.  In 1775, Oley Valley religious congregations included three of German Reformed worshippers, two of Lutherans, one of Quakers, one of Anglicans, and small gatherings of Moravians, Mennonites, and German Baptists.  These divisions were generally friendly.  One German, Hans Mirtel Gerick, for example, named his "trusty friend," John Hughes as his will executor.

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Where Are They Buried?

 

         The graves of the first three generations -- John, Ellis, and grandson John -- and their families, are irrefutably in the Exeter Friends Meeting burial ground, about 8 miles southeast of Reading, Pennsylvania.  The exact locations of the graves within the small graveyard are unknown.  This may be because time -- more than two and one-half centuries -- has worn the markers away.  More likely, however, is that they weren't marked in the first place.  The 18th century Quakers, if I understand correctly, did not erect gravestones, following their belief that such attention given to the mortal body was not fitting and proper.

         Copies of pictures that I took in October 1996 of the Exeter Friends Meeting House and burial ground are on photo pages numbered 127 though 131.

         I have not found the grave of George (fourth generation).  It is, however, in the burial ground either at the Catawissa or the Roaring Creek Meeting House.  Copies of pictures that I took in September 1996 of the two Meeting Houses and burial grounds are on photo pages 142 through 144 and 147 through 149.,

         The graves of Pennsylvanians James and George, the fifth and sixth generations of our Hughes ancestors, are in Pickering, Ontario, Canada and Salem, Iowa, respectively.

         Oley Valley in colonial times was not a model for present day democracy.  Slavery existed and there were many European indentured servants.  Advertisements in the Pennsylvania Gazette offering rewards for the return of runaway servants were common.  The qualification to vote was ownership of 50 acres of land, with 12 acres cleared, or of personal property worth 50 lbs.  That women might vote did not cross anyone's mind, as far as I can tell.  The Lenape (Delaware) Indians were treated badly, and forced to leave at the time of the French and Indian War (1754-1763). 

Beginning in America, the French and Indian War became known as the Seven Years' War in Europe, and brought in Prussia as England's ally and Austria, Russia, and Spain in support of France.

         Ellis: Generation Two, Immigrant  Ellis was born in Wales in 1687 and was either 12 or 13 years old when he traveled with his family on the Robert and Elizabeth to Pennsylvania.  Ellis was John Hugh's third child, following Jane (1683) and Rowland (1685).  Ellis married Jane Foulke in August 1713 while still living at Gwynedd.  Jane Foulke, who was three years older than Ellis, came from the same area (Gwynedd) of Wales and also had migrated on the 1698 voyage of the Robert and Elizabeth.[9]  Ellis and Jane had seven children.  The third, a daughter, apparently died at birth and remained un-named.  Ellis died in 1764 at age 76 or 77 and Jane followed two years later at age 81.

         In the Oley Valley, Ellis clearly made his living by farming and operating his sawmill, but he appears to have been more prominent for his leadership role in the local Exeter Society of Friends.  Records indicate that Ellis was instrumental in the success of the Society of Friend's Exeter Meeting (located in Oley Valley) during the middle 18th century.  He was characterized as the most prominent minister, or "Weightiest Friend" in Quaker terms.  His memoirist wrote of him that he embodied the Quaker ideal of charity, commitment, and effort.  A many-paragraphed commemoration in Quaker records uses phrases such as "good example," "meek and loving," "instructively cheerful," "affectionate husband," "tender parent," and "kind master."

         At the same time, he was "...a lover of good order in the church, and well knew the dangerous tendency of undue liberty."  This referred to the Quaker code that held members to account for misconduct.  Ellis, for example, probably participated in deliberations regarding one of his own sons, William, who was dismissed from Exeter Meeting membership in 1754, after three disciplinary episodes due to his excessive proclivity to drink.

         That Ellis Hughes was the "Weightiest Friend" meant, in my judgment, that he was an important leader in the Exeter Friends, Oley Valley, Pennsylvania community during the apex of Quaker influence in Pennsylvania and in America.  At the time, religion was almost indistinguishable from government.

         Ellis took ill, according to Quaker records, at the 1764 funeral of his son (and our next ancestor), John, and died eleven days later.  Quaker records list them both as being buried in the Exeter Meeting burial ground.

         After Ellis's death, Jane (Foulke) Hughes lived with their daughter, Margaret, and son-in-law, Samuel Lee of Oley until she died in 1766.  This Samuel Lee is in the ancestry line (via marriages) of Robert E. Lee, the Confederate Civil War general.  Ironically, marriages through the Boones also establish a Hughes relationship to Abraham Lincoln.  Its doubly ironic, in my view, that these two war leaders, on opposite sides of the U.S.'s greatest war, came from pacifist Quaker roots.

         John: Generation Three, Pennsylvania   John was the first in our line of Hugheses born on the American continent.  His birth in the Gwynedd area in March 1714 appears to have pushed the bounds of propriety, coming as it did just seven and one-half months after his parents' marriage.[10]  After joining with his family's move to the Oley Valley in 1731, John married Hannah Boone in November 1742.  Twenty two year-old Hannah was one of George Boone's daughters, and a first cousin to Daniel Boone.  John and Hannah had two children before she died in March 1746.  John's second marriage was to Martha Cole.

         It is not clear that farming was this second John's main source of income in Oley Valley.  Although a landowner, maps show that he also owned a tavern and a tannery.  (See Map Insert, below.)

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9.   She was one of the nine children who Edward Foulke said escaped the "sore mortality through the favor and mercy of Devine Providence," in his account of the voyage on the Robert and Elizabeth.

10.  This sort of "early" birth has not been all that uncommon among firstborn Hughes's.

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John's relationship to George Boone, his first father-in-law, led him into positions of responsibility in the local Oley Valley government during the last 12 years of his life.  George Boone was Oley Valley's first Justice of the Peace, appointed in 1728.  Justice of the Peace was the most powerful

local official, supervising the other county and the township officers, in addition to serving as judge in the legal system.  George Boone also was instrumental in bringing a petition to the Philadelphia County court in 1741 to create Exeter Township, so named after the Boones' home in Exeter, Devonshire, England.[11]  John thus became part of a local Boone political network in the 1750s and 1760s during which Boones and Boone relations dominated county and provincial assembly offices.  John served as Berks County Collector of Excise during 1752 - 1763 and as a County Commissioner from 1762 until he died in 1764.

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11. The area was still in Philadelphia County.  Berks County wasn't created out of the Oley Valley section of Philadelphia County until 1752. 

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What is a Township?

 

         William Penn's 1681 charter decreed that "townships" would be Pennsylvania's primary form of local government.  Creating a township gave local residents the right to have the king's peace upheld in their community, the poor cared for, stray livestock controlled, and public roads provided and maintained.  To achieve these goals, township status brought with it the right to have a constable, a tax collector, a supervisor of highways, an overseer of the poor, and a keeper of the pound (who rounded up and secured stray livestock).

         Townships are still (in the 1990s) a Pennsylvania government sub-unit, larger than towns but smaller than counties.

         John died in March 1764 at age 49 (almost 50), and was buried at the Exeter Meeting House burial ground, according to Quaker records.  John left no will when he died, leading me to believe that his death was sudden and

Leading up to the Revolutionary War, England passed its infamous Stamp Tax in 1765, and the grant by Britain to the East India Company of a monopoly on tea trade led to the "Boston Tea Party" in 1773.

unexpected.  In December 1766, his son George (our next ancestor) petitioned the Orphan's Court of Philadelphia County to divide his father's estate in Exeter Township.  The estate consisted of about 190 acres, and was ordered divided "according to the value."  In addition to George, the heirs included George's sister, Jane (Hughes) Boone, and some younger half sisters from John's second marriage.

         Historic Oley:  The U.S. National Park Service added Oley Township to its National Register of Historic Places in 1983.  The Park Service also has designated about three dozen Oley Valley houses and other buildings, including the Exeter Friends Meeting House built in 1759, as architectural landmarks under the protection of its Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS).[12]  That these buildings have survived is due mainly (in my opinion) to their construction from Pennsylvania fieldstone, which consists of large, flat, irregularly shaped rocks that the farmers must have picked ceaselessly for a couple of centuries to try to make their fields easier to work.  Many fences also are constructed of fieldstone.

         The existing town of Oley was initially a "company hamlet" that was established to house the many workers required to operate Oley Forge.  Oley Forge refined cast iron into wrought iron that could be used by blacksmiths.  My own observation (in September 1996) is that family farming still is important in Oley Valley, but that the area's small iron ore deposits have long since been mined out and the forges closed.[13]  Oley now is a town with one-street about three-fourths of a mile long.  The houses that line the street are mainly of fieldstone, and are lived in and well kept.  There are no trashy modern establishments (such as McDonalds), probably due to the influence of the National Park Service.

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12.   HABS records are available for public use at the Library of Congress (Prints and Photographs Division) in Washington, DC.

13.   Within about 10 miles is the Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site.

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The Hughes - Boone Fmily Relationship

 

         In 1742, John Hughes married Hannah Boone, George Boone's daughter, and they had two children before Hannah died at age 27.  One of those children, George, who undoubtedly was named after his grandfather, George Boone, is the next Hughes in our ancestral line.  George also married a Boone, Martha, who was a much younger first cousin of his mother, Hannah.  In fact, three of John's children (the three that I know about) married Boones, including George (Martha), his sister Jane (Samuel), and his half sister, Eleanor (another Samuel).  (See chart on next page.)

         One of George Boone's brothers, Squire Boone, was the father of Daniel Boone, the famed Kentucky woodsman who led the first westward wave of American settlers from Virginia through Cumberland Gap to the Bluegrass Region of north-central Kentucky.  Therefore, both Hannah Boone (John's wife) and Martha Boone (George's wife) were Daniel's first cousins.  Daniel Boone was born in Oley, Berks County, Pennsylvania on September 22, 1734 to Squire and Sarah (Morgan) Boone.  Daniel was their fourth son, sixth child

BOONE-HUGHES CHART

         Catawissa

         Members of our Hughes family, but not in our direct line, were responsible for establishing Catawissa.  Ellis Hughes, who may have been a son of John's next younger brother, William, was a public surveyor (known as a surveyor general).  Ellis married a woman named Hannah Yarnall,[14] and their son, Jeremiah, wrote in the family bible that his father "...associated with capitalists from Philadelphia"  who put up the money and "perfected" the titles on about 25,000 acres surveyed by Ellis in eastern Pennsylvania, in return for two thirds ownership. 

         This Ellis Hughes was among the first settlers in the Catawissa area, having traveled overland from the Oley Valley area and Reading to the Susquehanna River at what was then Harris Ferry.[15]  From there, Ellis and other Quaker settlers paddled up the Susquehanna, arriving at the mouth of Catawissa Creek in about 1774. 

         William Hughes[16] laid out "Hughesburg," later called Catawissa, in 1786.  He had purchased 92 and one quarter acres in 1778 from Ellis, who in turn had received this land as part of a 282 and one quarter acre purchase from Philadelphia speculators[17] -- probably the "capitalists from Philadelphia" mentioned by Jeremiah in his bible.  The community, including many Hughes cousins, grown sons, and nephews from the Exeter area, spread southward along Roaring Creek, and a second meeting house was built in 1796 on Roaring Creek about ten miles from Catawissa.  Other Friends meetings in the area included Muncy, Loyalsock (later Pine Grove), and Fishing Creek.

 

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14.    Hannah Yarnall's mother was Mary Lincoln of the Exeter Meeting family which is in Abraham Lincoln's ancestral line.

15.    The settlement that grew up around Harris's ferry landing later became present day Harrisburg.

16.    I do not know the exact relationship of this William Hughes to our direct descendants.  He was not our third generation ancestor's (John Hughes's) brother, William, who had died in 1776.

17.    Edward Shippin Jr. and Joseph Shippin Jr., who had purchased the land sight unseen from the "Proprietaries of Pennsylvania.”

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Hughesburg/Catawissa Town Plan
and Meeting House Lot

 

         George: Generation Four, Pennsylvania  George was born in September 1743, and married Martha Boone in October 1765.  They had eight children.  I can only speculate that George moved from the Oley Valley, where he was born, to Catawissa in order to take advantage of his family relationship to the town's founders.  Perhaps he was part of the party of Quakers that arrived there in 1774, having traveled via Harris ferry.  His marriage to one of his mother's younger first cousins, Martha Boone, insured continued good standing in the Society of Friends, which forbade marriage outside the church.

Initial shots of the Revolutionary War were fired at Lexington, Massachusetts in April 1775, the Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776, and Britain's Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown in October 1781.

         In September 1787, George and Martha, together with the town's founder, William, and his wife, Mary, were instrumental in establishing the Catawissa Friends Meeting House and Burial Ground.  Each family provided three-quarters of an acre in adjoining lots to a group of town Trustees, who established what became known as the "Meeting House lot."  The log Friends Meeting House that still stands at Catawissa was built on the lot about 1789.  (See photo pages 134 through 140)[18]

As a matter of historical coincidence, the George and William Hughes families officially granted the Meeting House lot to the Catawissa trustees just two days before the delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia signed the Constitution of the United States of America on September 17, 1787.

         George died in 1795, and he and Martha probably are buried in the Catawissa Friends Meeting burial ground.  They may also be at Roaring Creek.  Many Hugheses are laid to rest in both burial grounds, but both also have substantial numbers of graves that are either unmarked or have headstones on which the inscriptions are illegible.  I unearthed an old map that lists many of the names in the Roaring Creek Burial Ground, but a large part of the area is shown simply as the "Old Original Yard," without further detail.  An intensive search turned up no similar map for Catawissa.

         Catawissa currently (in 1998) has a population of about 1,700, and is situated, as William intended, at the confluence of Catawissa Creek and the Susquehanna River.  Like so many Pennsylvania towns in the Appalachian Mountains, steep, forested mountain slopes encroach to the town's very edges on all but the river side.  The town has the usual gas stations with their attached convenience stores, and the like.  The preserved Quaker Meeting House is set back a block from the main street, and is quite peaceful and neatly kept by the Catawissa Home and Garden Club.

         Roaring Creek is not now (in 1998) a town, but an area, also sometimes called the "Slabtown" area.  The Roaring Creek Friends Meeting House, constructed in 1796, and Burial Ground sits in a pleasant grove of trees surrounded by corn fields out in the country.  (See photo pages 142 through 144)  Like in Catawissa, the log Roaring Creek Meeting House -- two centuries old -- is nicely preserved, and has an active congregation that meets weekly.

====================================================================================

 18.    The date on the Pennsylvania state historical sign (in the pictures) claiming that the Quaker Meeting House was built about 1775 is probably incorrect.  That was the year of the first Quaker meetings there, but these were held at Ellis and Hannah Hughes's home, well before the Meeting House had been built.

====================================================================================

 

Roaring Creek Quaker Cemetery Map

[19]  

Catawissa and the Revolutionary War:

Impact of the "Wyoming Massacre"

 

         What became known in U.S. history as the "Wyoming Massacre" apparently caused the temporary destruction and evacuation of the Catawissa area in 1778.  The Wyoming Massacre came about as the result of British and American loyalist exploitation of a bitter rivalry between the Iroquois and Delaware Indian tribes for Pennsylvania's Wyoming[20] valley on the Susquehanna river north of Catawissa.  The Delaware claimed the valley as a permanent home while the Iroquois claimed the right to sell it to white land speculators.  The Iroquois with British and American loyalist encouragement and complicity invaded and defeated the Delaware tribes and white settlers, and the killing of 360 men, women, and children at Wyoming Valley's Forty Fort and subsequent rout of the remaining defenders was given top atrocity billing in U.S. history.

Jeremiah wrote that the Catawissa settlement "...had already collected many comforts around them, erected commodious dwellings, planted orchards, constructed a sawmill, gristmill, tannery, etc., and were in the act of going forth in the morning to reap an abundant harvest -- as the miserable remnant of them that had been made widows and orphans the day before by the memorable massacre at Wyoming, flying for their lives -- rushed almost famished to partake of the first mouthful they had tasted after the disaster -- the bread so hastily prepared by Ellis and Hannah Hughes, time only allowed to secure the children on the backs of the horses hastily driven up for the purpose, while the strangers snatched their scanty meal, when all joined in the rapid flight on which depended their lives."

         "The whole frontier was abandoned to the savage enemy.  Hundreds of families destitute of everything were precipitated on the settlements below, and terror spread far and wide.  The improvements at Cataweesa were mostly reduced to ashes.”

====================================================================================
19.    Note at the map's top the "Old Original Yard ... filled 1856."  I can make out eleven Hughes names among the graves listed.  Also, the Hughes's were related by marriage to the Lees and Cheringtons.

20.    The word, "Wyoming," comes from the Delaware Indian word, M’cheuwomink.
====================================================================================

         James: Generation Five, Pennsylvania to Canada 

         Born in 1773 (or 1775) in the Catawissa area of Pennsylvania, James Hughes married Martha Penrose at the Friends Meeting in Roaring Creek in 1799.  Quaker records show the Penroses as having lived in the Exeter area in prior decades, so the Hughes and Penrose families had probably long been acquainted.  Martha, of course, was a member of the Society of Friends.  The Roaring Creek Meeting had met for many years at her parents' home until a Meeting House was completed in 1796.  James died in 1867 after living into his 90s, and is buried at Pickering, Ontario, Canada.  Martha had died in 1856.

         In 1805, James, his pregnant wife Martha, and their two children, Rebecca and George, (ages three and one) set out for Canada with other Catawissa and Roaring Creek Quaker families.  They traveled on a newly completed road, known as the "Williamson Road," that ran north to Painted Post, Bath, and Geneseo in New York before swinging west to Fort Erie.[21]  From there, they rounded the western shore of Lake Ontario and continued north and east to the Uxbridge and Pickering areas.  (See map.)  I estimate that the trip totaled roughly 300 miles.

Lewis and Clark made their famous journey across the continent, up the Missouri River and down the Columbia River and back, at the behest of President Thomas Jefferson during 1804-1806.

         Their perception that it would soon be too crowded in the Catawissa area apparently was in part behind their decision to move.  (They should see it now!)  A new road completed in 1795 running south from Catawissa over the mountains to Reading had given easier access to markets.  However, it had also opened the way for many more settlers, and the Catawissa Quaker community came to feel that good, unsettled land for their own sons and daughters soon would not be available.

 

        ==========================================================================

Our Hughes Ancestors in Canada

Ontario: Uxbridge and Pickering
(1805-1853)

 

 

Probably more important in their decision to move, however, was the success of an effort by the British Provincial authorities in Canada to attract settlers.  Britain, for example, began granting land in what is now the Toronto area of Ontario to colonists who had remained loyal to the crown during the Revolutionary War.  These were known as "Crown Grants."  In addition, the Ontario governor, a man named Simcoe, issued a proclamation in 1792 that offered free land to all who would cultivate it and sign an oath of loyalty to the king.  Farms were to be granted in 200 acre lots with the only charges being various clerks' fees.  After being smuggled into the western frontier of the United States, this proclamation attracted thousands of American-born settlers northward.

         The Quakers, being neither Loyalists nor Revolutionaries, either purchased their land from Loyalist grantees or were lucky enough to acquire and qualify for the 200 acre lots under Simcoe's proclamation.  The Quakers were unique in that they actually settled and lived on the land in contrast to many of the grantees, who owned the land largely for speculative purposes.  Far more land at the time was held by Loyalists, British military landholders, and self-seeking officials than by settlers.

         James Hughes "patented" his lot on October 11, 1805.  The hand-written entry in the Canadian "Township of Uxbridge" records reads:

Lot No. 22 in the 5th Concession; Instrument, Patent; Its Date, Oct 11 1805; Grantee, Hughes, James; Quantity of Land, 200 Acres.

         I believe that James arrived early enough that he acquired his land as one of Simcoe's grants, as indicated in the language of the Uxbridge records, rather than having to purchase it from a grantee.  One authoritative source[22] says that after James Hughes and others had patented lots around the Uxbridge-Quaker Hill area of the fifth and sixth concessions, "....so quickly were the lands taken up by 'official' patentees that other Quaker settlers .... were forced to purchase their lands from non-resident patentees."

         The Uxbridge settlement was one corner of a triangle of three Quaker settlements in Ontario.  The others were "Yonge Street" in neighboring York county and the Pickering Quaker settlement in Ontario county.  Many of the original Uxbridge Quaker settlers, including the James Hughes family, did not stay there.  Some moved back to the U.S., but James and others went just a few miles south to Pickering.  James probably made that move in 1833 when Uxbridge records show that he sold his land, and as I mentioned on page four above, he is buried with Martha in the Pickering Orthodox Meeting Burial Ground.  

NOTE: Charles Darwin's around-the-world voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle took place during 1831-1836, providing the basis for the development of his theory of natural selection.

         Pictures of the graves of James and Martha Hughes and of their daughter and son-in-law, Rebecca Hughes and Wing Rogers, are on photo pages 147 through 149.

         The Role of the Rogers Family:  That Quakers from the Catawissa area of Pennsylvania were a significant group among the Uxbridge and Yonge Street settlers appears to be due in some measure to the efforts of a man named Timothy Rogers.[23]  Timothy Rogers was a Quaker either from Vermont or Connecticut, and hoped to increase the size of the Yonge Street Quaker community, to which he had moved.  To that end he had earlier -- around 1800 or 1801 -- acquired 40 farms of 200 acres each with the promise that he would attract 40 families to settle on them.  How successful he was in attracting the 40 families is a bit murky, the only evidence being that he wrote in 1804 that there were "now" daily, monthly, and half-year Friends Meetings where he lived.  Timothy Rogers and his neighboring Quaker settlers in the Yonge Street area may have influenced James Hughes and his Catawissa neighbors when they moved in 1805.

         One must read Timothy Roger's journal, in his own inimitable spelling and grammar, to understand why this part is murky.  (See Addendum II.)  The evidence begins on page 79 of the  journal copy, where he writes,

"And by a grate deal of hard travil got to York in this provans and then went 30 or 40 mils bac, and following my consarn maid way to apply to Garner Giminl Hontor (Governor General Hunter) and John Elsley, chefe justis became my frende and all the land was vuid by a company before me.  I got bac and got a grant for 40 farms of 200 acors each by minding the felings on the Good Spirit in my hart .... etc." [24]

         The courtship, if that's what it can be called, by Timothy Rogers' son, Wing Rogers, of James and Martha Hughes's daughter, Rebecca, is also worth reading, beginning on page 92 of the copy.

  ==========================================================================
21.    This is roughly the path of present day U.S. Route 15, except that U.S. 15 continues north to Rochester, New York.

22.    Johnson, Leo, A., History of the County of Ontario, 1973, The Corporation of the County of Ontario, pg. 46.

23.    Timothy Rogers was Kathy Miklovich's  four-greats grandfather, if I have that right, and was related to our ancestors because his son, Wing Rogers, married James Hughes's oldest daughter, Rebecca.

24.    The whole journal tells a lively story, especially of Timothy's childhood, when he was "...put out I livd among other pepil till I was about six years old and as they told me I was yoused very hard ...etc." and about his schooling, "I desir that all parens or gardeens will try to give ther childorn larning."  I would love to have heard him speak to hear the accent.
==========================================================================

George and Edwin: Generations Six and Seven, Canada to Iowa and Kansas

         Born in 1803 in the Catawissa and Roaring Creek area of Pennsylvania, George was a toddler when he moved with his parents in 1805 to Canada.  He married 16 year old Rachel Taylor in April 1825, and they had their first child, Edwin, in November 1826.  They then had 14 additional children, 15 in all, at the rate of one every other year until the last was born in October 1854.  In 1853, with children ranging in age from 28 (Edwin) to not yet one (Harriet, or "Hattie"), George and Rachel left Canada and moved to Iowa.  Their 15th child (Thomas Clarkson, or "T.C.") was born there.  All of their children lived into the 20th century except their third (Angeline, or "Angie"), who died in 1896.

         Edwin Hughes married Mary Sadler in October 1848, and they had six children, including two born in Canada and the other four in Iowa.  Born in 1829 in Yorkshire, England, Mary Sadler had migrated as a child to Canada in 1833 with her parents.  Edwin's and Mary's second child (William) died at 11 years of age in 1863.  Their first three children were born during the same years, 1850 to 1854, as Edwin's parents' last three.[25] 

         During a summer 1997 trip, my brother, Lee, and I found and photographed the gravesites in Iowa and Kansas of George and Rachel and Edwin and Mary Hughes.  By following the land descriptions in sales documents filed at the Mahaska County office of the Clerk and Recorder in Oskaloosa, Iowa, we also found and photographed the land in Mahaska County, Iowa where the two Hughes families had lived in the mid-nineteenth century. 

         George was about 50 years old and Rachel about 44 when the two Hughes families moved to Iowa in 1853.  George and Rachel settled first in Cedar County in eastern Iowa, where their last child ("T.C.") was born either at West Branch or Springdale in October 1854.  Edwin and Mary settled

 probably 10 to 20 miles south in Muscatine County, where John Wesley was born in West Liberty in October 1853.[26]  These counties are roughly 60 miles west of what is now the "quad-cities" area (including Davenport, Moline, Rock Island, and Bettendorf) on the Mississippi River, which forms Iowa's eastern border.

         I have found no information on why the Hughes families pulled up stakes and moved after 50 years in Canada.  It is probably too rational to speculate that rich, cheap U.S. Great Plains land was the deciding lure.  A passage in a much later (1895) letter by T.C. to a brother in Idaho perhaps captures a telling inducement.  After complaining about crop failures in Kansas where he lived, T.C. asks, "Is there any good country opening up in Wyo. or Idaho?  In case I bust here, I am going to strike west."  Vast open lands in the 19th century American West tended to lend an aura of reality, whether justified or not, to a common human dream of shucking one's problems and troubles and starting anew someplace else.

         I don't know why the Hugheses chose 1853 as the year to move, why they chose to settle in Iowa, what routes they traveled, or their modes of transportation.  They must have ferried across the Mississippi, as it was not bridged until 1856, when a span was built to connect Rock Island, Illinois to Davenport, Iowa.  Iowa had become a state in December 1846.  The 1820 U.S. "Land Act" made land available in 80 acre tracts at $1.25 an acre, but the Homestead Act passed in 1862 was not yet law when the Hughes families moved.  In 1850, Chicago was a large and rapidly developing U.S. railroad center, but no rail lines extended west of the Mississippi River. Riverboat shipping on the Mississippi was well established.

 The nation's central railroad system, east of the Mississippi, was connected to the east coast rail system during the 1850s.  The transcontinental railroad was completed in May 1869.

==========================================================================
25.    This created unusual relationships whereby Edwin's and Mary's daughter Martha Ann (Mattie #2) was older than her uncles John Alfred and T.C. Hughes and her aunt Hattie; William was older than Hattie and T.C.; and John Wesley was older than T.C.

26.    These births actually probably took place at home on their farms, but are listed in census records as having occurred at their post office addresses.
==========================================================================

Our Hughes Ancestors in Iowa

Cedar and Muscatine Counties  (1853 to mid 1860s)
Mahaska County (mid 1860s to 1881)
Salem, Henry County (1881 to 1906)

 

Our Hughes 

George and Rachel lived in Cedar County at least through 1860, when the U.S. census for Springdale Township, West Branch Post Office, Cedar County, Iowa lists George as being a farmer with real estate valued at $2,000 and personal property worth $350.  At that time, eleven of their 15 children were living at home, ranging from T.C., age five (or six), to 29 year old Angie.  Of the four not at home in 1860, Edwin, Lavina, and Elma were married, and the second oldest boy, 21 year old Jarad, might have been in the army.  He served in Company D, 33rd Iowa Regiment in the Union army during the Civil War.

Confederate batteries firing on Fort Sumpter in April 1861 signaled the beginning of the Civil War.       

         Land sales records suggest that in 1860 the Hugheses probably already were planning to move further west.  In that year, county records show that Rachel Hughes of Cedar County bought from a neighboring family 80 acres in Mahaska County for $1,000.[27]  Mahaska County is roughly 75 miles west of Cedar County, about midway to Des Moines.  Two land transactions in May 1865 and June 1866, in which Edwin Hughes purchased an unspecified amount of Mahaska County land for $760, indicated that by then Edwin already was living in Mahaska County.

         That the two Hughes families moved is confirmed by the 1870 U.S. census, which lists both as living at Prairie Township, New Sharon Post Office, Mahaska County, Iowa.  George Hughes, then 67 years old, may have been slowing down into retirement, as the census lists him as being "without occupation," and as owning real estate worth $600, down from $2,000 a decade earlier, and personal property of $192.  Only three children, Mary, Hattie, and T.C., were still living at home in 1870.  The same census lists Edwin Hughes as a farmer with real estate valued at $3,000 and personal property of $650.  Four of Edwin's and Mary's children lived at home, including John Wesley, Charlotte ("Lottie"), Edgar, and Charles.  The oldest, Martha Ann (the second "Mattie" among our Hughes ancestors), was by then married, and the second child, William Milton, had died.

NOTE: Mark Twain published The Adventures of Tom Sawyer in 1876. 

         George and Rachel stay in Iowa: In about 1881, George and Rachel Hughes left Mahaska County to move  to the Quaker community of Salem in Henry County in southeast Iowa to live out their days.  Daughter Angie, age 50 and unmarried, went with them.  George died in 1885, followed in 1896 by Angie.  Angie, according to her obituary, died of stomach cancer.

George Hughes
1803 - 1885

 

To farmers, the weather was of paramount importance then as it is now.  Angie wrote from Salem to her brother John Alfred in the year before she died that, "We had but little snow last winter and it was so dry last year that crops were short.  Farmers have their oats in and are plowing but the ground is cool yet."  On 18 June 1899, Mattie wrote to John Alfred that, "We have had a very rainy and cold Spring.  Just now (today) it is quite warm.  There are thousands of         acres of corn land not plowed yet.     And a good deal that was plowed and          planted will have to be plowed over.         So wet it could not be cultivated."

 

 

The Spanish-American War took place during April - December 1898, and in May 1898, Jarad Hughes (the Civil War veteran) wrote to his brother, John, that he was, "...just as much of a Yank yet as ever.  I would like to see the whole Spanish nation sunk.  They are not fit to live any longer."

==========================================================================
27.    I have no explanation as to why Rachel, and not George or the two of them together, took this action.
========================================================================== 

Rachel's Mahaska County
Land Purchase, 1860

Edwin's Mahaska County
Land Purchase, 1865

Edwin's Mahaska County
Land Purchase, 1866

 Until Angie's death in 1896, she apparently was mother Rachel's chief source of care.  In her 1895 letter to John, Angie wrote, "Mother says she would write if she could but she can't write.  I think she is as well as we could expect for one in her 86th year.  She can see to read yet, but is quite hard of hearing so gets lonesome as she don't hear what we say only as we speak quite loud and are near her."  Angie’s Brother T.C. ("Clark") wrote in the same year, "It is remarkable how mother lasts.  It seems to me that she is most as able to get around as when we lived at New Sharon."  In May 1898, Jarad wrote, "Mama would write but she was home sick all winter .... not able to sit up.  We thought she would lose her sight but she is some better now but cannot see to write or read a word.  She is discouraged at times .....but enjoys fun and nonsense as well as ever."  By June 1899 (after Angie died), Mattie apparently had taken over caring for Rachel.  She wrote, "Mother has not been as well this summer as through the winter.  She don't go off the porch."

         Rachel lived into the 20th century, dying in May 1906 in the middle of her 96th year.  Rachel's advanced age, large family, and longevity as a Quaker elicited a front page obituary in the "Salem Weekly News."[28]  (See next page.)  My information on the whereabouts, activities, and families of George's and Rachel's 14 living children in 1906 is incomplete, but what I have indicates that ten probably were living in Iowa and Kansas.  Of the other four, one was in Idaho, one in Florida, one in Michigan, and one in Canada.  Rachel had about 55 grandchildren, although all were not still alive in 1906.

Rachel (Taylor) Hughes
         1809 - 1906

George, Rachel, and Angie are buried side by side in Salem, Iowa's "South Cemetery."  (See Photo pages 152 through 157.)

 

===================================================================================
28.     The Salem newspaper was not yet in publication when George died, and we were unable to find an obituary for him during our 1997 visit to the area.

===================================================================================

Rachel Hughes's Obituary
"The Salem Weekly News”
May 17, 1906

 

 

(Enlarged copy below)

 Rachel Hughes's Obituary

 

  

 ====================================================================================

The George and Rachel Hughes Family in 1906

-- 1826-1908: Edwin was a retired farmer in Kansas.  See below.

-- 1829-1913: Lavina, widowed in 1889, had nine children and lived in Marshalltown, Iowa, where she and husband, William Boggie, are buried.

-- 1831-1896: Angie, dead since 1896, had been a post mistress at the New Sharon post office in Mahaska County, and her obituary lauded her school teaching.

-- 1833-1917: Elma, widowed in 1882, had six children and lived in Detroit, Michigan.  She and husband, William Sadler, are buried in Canada.

-- 1835-1925: Martha J. (the first "Mattie" among our Hughes ancestors) never married, and instead cared for her mother in Salem. After Rachel died, Mattie moved to Pasadena, California, where she died at age 90 and is buried.

-- 1837-1912: Elizabeth and husband, Josiah Mahoney, lived their lives in Toronto, where they are buried.  They had two children.

-- 1839-1921: Jarad and wife, Mary Williams, spent their lives in Iowa, and had six children.  A carpenter, farmer, and postal worker, he died in Des Moines in his 80s.

-- 1841-1927: Charles had one child each by two wives, Rebecca Michner and Sarah Hartley.  He worked as a store clerk in Iowa, and was later self employed in Pasadena, California.  He is buried there, after living into his 80s.

-- 1843-1920: Joseph and wife, Ella Roberts, had eight children before separating in 1889.  They had lived in Iowa, Kansas, and Indiana, where he is buried.

-- 1845-1923: Mary ("Mollie") was a doctor in Independence, Iowa in 1901, and later in Indiana.  Mary never married, and died at age 78.

-- 1847-1926: Sarah and husband Greenberry Peter Quaintance had six children, and owned a dairy and fruit farm in Florida, where they are buried.

-- 1848-1925: Agnes and husband William Nash had one child (or two).  He was a minister in Kansas. In 1910, Agnes was a widow living with Mattie in Pasadena, where she is buried.

-- 1850-1932: John Alfred and wife Florence Edmonia Adams had eight children.  They ranched in Menan, Idaho, after a tumultuous courtship that apparently included his killing a man in competition for Florence.  He lived into his 80s and, with Florence, is buried in Menan.

-- 1852-1912: Hattie and husband Howard Hillis had one child.  He was an attorney in Topeka, Kansas, but they probably are buried in New York.

-  1854-1912: Thomas Clarkson and wife Elizabeth Wilson had no children.  He was a druggist in Kansas, where they probably are buried.

 ========================================================================== 

Our Hughes Ancestors in Kansas

Seneca, Nemeha County, (mid-1870s to 1910)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Edwin 1826 - 1908 

Angeline (Angie)   1831-1896

Thomas Clarkson 1854-1912 

Elma   1833-1917

 

 

 

 

 

                                                            Joseph (and family) 1843 - 1920

 

 

 

 

 

                                                      Jarrad  1839 - 1921

Mary   1845-1923

         

John Alfred  1850-1932

Harriet  1852-1912

====================================================================================

 

Bits and Pieces About the

Rest of the Family

 

Family members not in our direct ancestral line are mentioned in copies of letters that I have to John Alfred in Idaho from two of his sisters, Angie and Mattie, and from his youngest brother, T.C.

In an April 1895 letter, Angie wrote of their sister, Sarah's family.  She said, "Sarah writes that they feel the hard times, but Greenbury gets a pension that helps.[29]  Jessie has been married five years.  Elsie teaches and Altus is teaching in some college.  He is a fine scholar and a graduate of a college.  I think Elsie will marry soon and Altus too.  They (Sarah and Greenbury) have three children at home."  At home were Charles, Ethyl, and Vera, ages fifteen, nine, and five, respectively.

Then of their sister, Lavina, Angie wrote, "Lavina lives in Marshalltown yet & George and Arthur are still single.  The rest are scattered.  Henry lives in Marshalltown but is on the railroad.  John was working in Illinois.  Ella and husband board with Lavina.  Libbie just moved to Chicago -- her husband is a newspaper man.  Hattie is in Missouri and Maggie in Sioux City Iowa."

Of other siblings, Angie wrote, "There are so many of us I can't write of all in one letter, but Elma lives in Detroit Michigan.  Agnes, or Anna as she goes by, is at Gypsum City Kansas.  (Agnes's husband) Wm is a Rev. Wm Nash has been preaching for some years.  Edwin's address is Seneca Kansas.  Clark lives in Washington Kansas now - a nice little town."

Also in 1895, T.C. wrote, "Joseph is somewhere in Indiana.  He and Ella are not living together."

In a June 1899 letter, Mattie scolded John for not providing an education for his then 18 year old oldest daughter, Mina Elma.  Mattie said, "I think it is too bad that thy daughter has had no opportunity to get an education.  That is something that every parent owes their children.  Why was it that she was not sent to school?  I was so hurt over it, I did not dare to answer thy letter right away.  It will cause an embarrassment as long as she lives."

Edwin and Mary move to Kansas:  Edwin and Mary moved to the area of Seneca, Kansas, in that state's northeast corner, sometime in the mid-1870s.  Seneca is roughly 50 miles west of the Missouri River border between Kansas and Missouri, and about 225 miles southwest of Des Moines, Iowa.  The 1880 U.S. census lists Mary and two of her sons, Edgar and Charles, at the farm of her son-in-law, Edson Kibbe in Kansas.  Edwin was about 50 years old and Mary about 46 when they moved.  In Kansas,

As Edwin and Mary approached the end of their lives, one of their grandsons, 21 year old Thomas Sievers ("T.S.") Hughes (my grand father) and a friend embarked via horseback in 1904 on a seven month trip from their home in Montana to California, Arizona, and back.[30]

Edwin and Mary farmed near Seneca.  Edwin died in 1908 (two years after his mother) and Mary in 1910, and both are buried in the Kibbe plot in the Seneca, Kansas

Edwin (1826-1908)   Mary (1829-1910)

cemetery.  (See photo pages 160 through 161)  They had 17 grand children, all but two of which were living at                                                              the time of Edwin's death.

                                            

           Based on sketchy eviidence, I speculate with the support of others in the family that Edwin and Mary were responsible for the momentous break from the Society of Friends of our line of the Hughes family, after more than 200 years as Quakers.

Methodism grew out of 18th century efforts to reform the Church of England.  John Wesley taught that people could become free of sin in this life, and, in general, opposed Calvin's ideas of total depravity and of an elect.  In the U.S., Methodist circuit preachers sponsored popular outdoor "camp meetings" for preaching and singing.

 

Mary almost certainly was a Wesleyan Methodist.  Her third child, John Wesley ("J.W."), was named for the founder of that church, according to an account by J.W.'s sister, Martha Ann.   Rachel's fifth child, Edgar Pearson, was a Methodist minister.  Edwin was buried by the Masons, and his obituary noted that he had been a member in good standing for more than fifty years.  Neither obituary mentions any Quaker affiliation.

         Edwin's and Mary's grand daughter, Martha Almira (the third "Mattie" among our Hughes ancestors) wrote in 1942 that her grandmother, Mary Sadler Hughes, was tall and slender with "snapping brown eyes, and unlimited energy and executive ability."  Mattie wrote further that Mary "...also was so very clean and such a good cook.  Her roast beef, with Yorkshire pudding, was something never to be forgotten.  She had a very British accent, dropping some "h's" and put on some where they didn't belong."

 ===================================================================================
29.    Greenbury would have been 16 when the Civil War started.  He and Sarah were married in 1867, after the war ended.  The pension may well have been from Civil War service.

30.    T.S. kept a trip diary, which RR (Bob) Hughes has transcribed  onto his computer.
===================================================================================

The Edwin and Mary Hughes Family
in 1908 - 1910

-- 1850-1933: Mattie (Martha Ann) and husband George Guilford Lawrence had two children.  George had been an Infantry Sergeant Major (Co. F, Regiment 10) in the Civil War.  George worked as a real estate agent in Jefferson, Iowa through 1900, but he and Mattie lived the last 20 to 30 years of their lives in Los Angeles, California, where they are buried.

-- 1852-1863: William Milton Hughes died at age 11 in Iowa.

-- 1853-1912: John Wesley Hughes moved to the west coast.  See below.

n  1857-????: Charlotte ("Lottie") and husband Edson Kibbe had one child.  A picture showing a peg leg leads me to speculate that Edson was wounded in the Civil War.  Charlotte and Edson had a farm in Kansas, and he later worked as a millwright in a Kansas City flour mill.

n  1858-1935: Edgar Pearson and wife Eliza Josephine "Josie" (Jay) Hughes had six children.  Edgar was a Methodist minister (though perhaps unordained), and spent an unknown period of his life in Wyoming.  He and Josie divorced and he remarried, but they are buried side by side in Lakeland, Florida at the behest of their daughter, Bertha McMullen.

n   1865-1939: Charles Arthur and wife Ina (Heliker) Hughes had no children. He probably moved to the west coast before 1900, the first in the family to do so.  In 1900, he was a newspaper proprietor in Seattle.  He died in Los Angeles.---

William Milton   1852-1863
No pictue

John Wesley   1853-1912

 

 

======================================================================== 

Generation 7 
Five of the six Edwin and Mary Hughes children
on this page

===========================================================================

Edwin's and Mary’s Obituaries
in Seneca's "The Courier Democrat"

Death of Edwin Hughes

            Again an aged father, who for years was a familiar figure on the streets of Seneca, but of late years making his home at Oketa, has entered into eternal rest. The illness of Edwin Hughes dates back only a few weeks. He had always been in unusually rugged health but when once disease encroached upon his system the struggle was short.

            Edwin Hughes was past 82 years old when he was called Home. He was native of Canada, born in Uxbridge township in Canada west on November 14, 1848. Of the six children that came into their home, only one has preceded the father into that bourne from which no traveler returns. Mr. Hughes came to the states when a young man, living for a time in the east, a nd later coming to Kansas. Many years ago he came to Seneca. For a time he and his wife lived on their farm south of town. Following that for a time they were residents of Seneca. when their years began to lengthen they were persuaded to go and make their home near their daughter, Mrs. E. A. Kibbe. at whose home Mr. Hughes p[assed into eternal rest onFriday, December 18, 1908. When the children grew up and became scattered it was always the good fortune of Grandpa and Grandma Hughes to be near their daughter, Mrs. Kibbe, and if ever the wealth of daughter’s love was expended for the happiness of her aged parents, it was in this case. With all the duties of life in her own home, Mrs. Kibe was much concerned about the welfare of her parents, and in this careful attention, Mr. Kibbe took an active part, always alert to do anything would add to their comfort and happiness. Their declining years have been beautified by these loving ministration, and now the aged wife and mother shares them alone. Mr. Hughes was always a good citizen, a dutiful husband and loving father. During his entire illness he never complained, always appreciative of the loving care given him. He passed into his eternal rest as peacefully as a tired child falls asleep in its mother’s arms.

            The Mason’s of Oketa had charge of the funeral services there. Mr. and Mrs. Kibbe accompanied the body to Seneca for burial. At the station herre they were met by the Seneca Masons, who conveyed the body to the cemetery where the beautiful ritualistic Masonic service was observed. Mr. Hughes for more than fifty years had been a member of the Mason in good standing.

Card of Thanks

We wish through the Tribune to express our thanks to the Masons of Seneca for their assistance at the burial of our husband and father.  - - Mary Hughes, Mr. and Mrs. E. A Kibbe.

Mrs. Mary Hughes

                        Mary Sadler was born April 16, 1829, in Yorkshire, England, and  emigrated to Canada in 1833. She was married to Edwin Hughes in 1840. She is survived by a daughter, Mrs. E. A. Kibbe of Hiawatha in whose home she died January 6th at the age of 81 years. Bright’s disease was the cause of death. The funeral services were held at the home at 1030 Thursday morning by Dr. Scott of the M. E. Church. The body was brought to Seneca for burial accompanied by Mr. and Mrs. Kibbe

 =====================================================================================

         John Wesley: Generation Eight, Kansas and Iowa to Montana and Washington

 

         Born in West Liberty, Iowa in 1853 (or in Canada in 1852), John Wesley Hughes ("J.W.") married Sarah Ellen Vincent in 1872 while his parents and grandparents still lived in the Mahaska County area of Iowa.[31]  J.W. and Sarah had eight children, all born in the Searsboro and New Sharon areas of Mahaska County, Iowa except for the youngest, Ina.  Ina was born in Seneca, Kansas, probably at the home of her Hughes grandparents.  J.W. carried out the final move west by our Hughes ancestors, traveling from Iowa (or Kansas) to the Sumas area of Washington in 1900.  They stopped briefly -- probably just a few months -- in Montana where Sarah's youngest brother, Tom Vincent,[32] lived, and are listed as residing there in the 1900 U.S. census.  John Wesley and Sarah died in 1912 and 1922, respectively, and are buried in the cemetery at Sumas, Washington.  (See photo pages 164 through 165.)

J.W.'s death in 1912 followed that of his father and of his oldest son by only four years (both 1908) and of his grandmother by six years (1906).  Thus, members of four generations, three in our direct Hughes line, died within six years.  At their deaths, Rachel was 96 years old, Edwin was 82, J.W. was 59 (or 60), and the younger Edwin was 35.[33]

         J.W. may have farmed some in Iowa and Kansas, but I have no evidence that he ever owned a farm.  An 1895 letter from one of his uncles, (T.C.)  to another (John Alfred) said that "Edwin has a small farm four miles east of Seneca.  Wess is farming it for him."  I assume that "Wess" was John Wesley.  This would accord with Ina's 1893 birth in Seneca. 

         Construction was J.W.'s main occupation.  His oldest daughter (fifth child), Martha Almira (Mattie) wrote in 1942 that, when asked, she claimed that her father was a bridge builder.  She remembered playing as a child in Iowa on a "big pile driver" drawn up in their back yard.  J.W.'s second son, William Milton, often went along to help on construction jobs.[34]  He told of J.W. using the earnings from a lucrative 1890 or 1891 job constructing a flour mill in Arkansas to start a substantial bridge building and construction outfit in Iowa.

Sarah Vincent Hughes

===================================================================================
31.    In opposition to other sources, J.W.'s gravestone gives his birthyear as 1852.  This leads me to speculate that his birth may have been fudged a year in census reports to establish U.S., instead of British, citizenship.  On the other hand, incorrect gravestone markings are not unusual.

32.    I knew Tom Vincent as "Uncle Tom," as he was generally known in the area of his McAllister, Montana home.   He was, in fact, the uncle of my grand father's (T.S.'s) generation of Hughes's.

33.     Smoke damage to Edwin's lungs suffered while helping to save fellow workers in a mining accident in Montana led to his death.

34.     I remember William as "Old Bill."
===================================================================================

1855 - 1922

         Making a living at construction induced many moves, and Mattie mentions residing in six different states -- Iowa, Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, Montana, and California -- in addition to Washington.  Mattie wrote that they "always" went by train.

-    

 

 

  

                                     John Wesley Hughes 1853 - 1912

 

Sarah Vincent Hughes  1855 - 1922

====================================================================================

Our Hughes Ancestors in Montana
Meadow Creek (McAllister), Madison County

Our Hughes Ancestors in Washington
Sumas, (Whatcom County) 1900 - 1922

 

 

J.W. and Bill probably also traveled by train when they went to Seattle sometime in the second half of the 1890s to catch a boat to Skagway in Canada, when they apparently took part in the 1897 - 1899 Klondike Gold Rush.  The exact timing is obscure because family lore has it that, after participating in some portion of the gold rush, they had returned to Iowa (or Kansas) and moved with the rest of the family to Montana and Washington by 1900.[35]  J.W. was 47 (or 48) years old and Sarah was 45 when they came west in 1900.

          That J.W. didn't settle in Montana is attributed, in part, to his disgust with the demonstrably rugged, hostile Montana weather.  One of his grandsons, my uncle Lewis, said that J.W., "...took a look at the rocks rolling in the Madison Valley wind, and soon took the female portion of the family to the west coast to smell the flowers."[36]  J.W. stayed in Montana long enough, nevertheless, to help build a dam on South Meadow Creek high in the Tobacco Root mountain range, which forms the western border of the Madison Valley, to catch snow melt for summer irrigation in the valley.[37]  In extremely rugged and beautiful country, the dam still stands in 1998 and serves its original purpose.

The meadow creek area of the Tobacco Root mountains hosted numerous gold mines during the first part of the 20th century.  These "played out" with the impact of the Great Depression in the 1930s on gold prices, but while in operation provided employment opportunities for J.W.'s son, T.S. Hughes.  The mine ruins can still be reached with a good four wheel drive vehicle.

         J.W.'s grandson, Lewis Hughes, and his niece, Lois Bromley report that he continued in construction with sons Ira and Roy, after moving to Washington.  The three of them worked as carpenters and held jobs in shingle mills that were offshoots of Washington's booming lumber industry.  J.W. apparently continued in construction-related occupations until his death in 1912.

 

                          ================================================================

Sarah (Vincent) Hughes's Obituary
"Bellingham Herald”    -      September 19, 1922

Sarah Ellen Hughes, aged 67 Years, passed away Saturday evening, Sept. 18, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Ina Kirkman, 915 Liberty St., after an extended illness.  Mrs. Hughes had resided in Bellingham about three years, and was previously a resident of Sumas for many years.  She is survived by four sons, William Hughes, of Basin , Wyo.; Ira Hughes, of Napavine, Wash.; Roy Hughes, of Kennewick, Wash.; Thomas Hughes, of McAllister, Mont., and three daughters, Mrs. Mattie Rich and Mrs. Lora Lade, of Sumas, and Mrs. Ina Kirkman, of Bellingham.  The body is being cared for by John Gillies, at his Sumas parlors.  Funeral services will be held at 2 p.m., Tuesday, Sept. 19, at the Federated Church in Sumas.  Rev. Congdon officiating, after which interment will be made in the I.O.O.F. cemetery.[38]

===================================================================================
35.    They are not thought to have actually reached the gold mining area around Dawson Creek in Canada, nor to have prospected for or worked a gold mining claim.

36.    Having grown up in the Madison Valley, I can attest to Montana's ability to inflict day after day of unceasingly hard, cold wind, especially in the fall, winter, and spring.

37.    There are two "Meadow Creeks," south and north, which after joining flow into the Madison River.

38.     I have not yet located an obituary for John Wesley Hughes.
===================================================================================

Generation 9
The eight Children of John Wesley and Sarah Vincent Hughes

Edwin (& Friend) 1872 - 1908

William M. (Bill)   1874 - 1972

lra   (and daughter)    1876 -1927

 

Martha (Mattie)    1881 - 1949

                                 Thomas (TS)      1884 - 1964

Ina  1893 - 1986

Lora 1891 - 1990

Sarah (Vincent) Hughes and Her children, 1887 or 1888

Standing: left to right: Edwin, Roy, Ira and William. Center: standing, Mattie. Seated: Thomas and (mother) Sarah

                       ====================================================================

 The Pennsylvania Era

Jenkins, Howard M., Historical Collections Relating to Gwynedd, A Township of Montgomery Country, Pennsylvania, Settled, 1698, by Welsh Immigrants, Ferris Bros. Printers and Binders, Wilmington, Delaware, 1884, pgs. 21-71 (esp. 33, 50-51, 54, 57, & chart), 110-111, 210-211, and 249. 

Heiss, Willard C., ed., Quaker Biographical Sketches of Ministers and Elders and Other Concerned Members of the Yearly Meeting of Philadelphia, 1682-1800, 1972, printed/compiled at 4828 North Illinois, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, pgs. 71, 157, 231, 234-235, 249-250, and 309.

Glenn, Thomas Allen, Welsh Founders of Pennsylvania, 1911, Fox, Jones and Company, Kemp Hall, High Street, Oxford, England, (Reprinted 1970, Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore, Maryland), pgs. 88, 91-92, (98-100), 102-103, 141-142, 144, 150, 168, 173-175, (181), (183).

Glenn, Thomas Allen, Merion in the Welsh Tract, 1896, Norristown, Pennsylvania, (Reprinted 1970, Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore, Maryland), pgs. 230-231.

Browning, Charles H., Welsh Settlement of Pennsylvania, 1912, Philadelphia, William J. Campbell, pgs. 162 (map), 267-268, 300, 302, 324.

Spraker, Hazel Atterbury, A Genealogical History of the Descendants of George and Mary Boone Who Came to America in 1717, 1922, The Tuttle Company, Publishers, Rutland, Vermont, pgs. 30, 45-47, 53, 96, 99, 104, 163, and 521-523.

Griffith, Margaret, Hughes of Pennsylvania and Allied Families of Lee and Cherrington, 1949, Compiled from miscellaneous notes of May S. Mansfield, San Francisco, California.

Edmunds, Mary Burnley Wilson, comp., Ancestry of Janie Blackwell Hughes (1879-1968), 1969, pg 229 (ftnt).

Pennsylvania Vital Records, Vol. I, Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore, Maryland, pgs. 45, 55.

Immigrant Ancestors, A List of 2,500 Immigrants to America before 1750, 1963,  Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore, Maryland, pg. 40.

Roberts, Clarence V., Early Friends Families of Upper Bucks, With Some Account of Their Descendants, 1925, Philadelphia, (Reprinted 1975, Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore, Maryland), pg. 120-121.

Cherrington, Dean C., The Cherrington Family History & Genealogy, pgs. 15, 20-21.

The Friend, Vol. 33, pgs 132 & 317; (Concerning Ellis and Jane Hugh; stored at "Special Collections," Haverford College Library, Haverford, PA., 19041-1392; Phone 610-896-1161.)

Eshelman, John E., Friends Meeting Records of Berks County, The Historical Society of Berks County, pgs. 130-131.

Mansfield, May Stansbury, Some of the Hughes Family, LDS Film #1320698, Item 18.[39]

Phelps, Flora L., "The Pennsylvania Homes of Some Yonge Street Quakers,"  The Newmarket Era, 29 July 1981.

Guenther, Karen, A Quaker Community on the Pennsylvania Frontier: Exeter Monthly Meeting, 1737-1789, UMI Dissertation Services, 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48106, 1997.

Roberts, Mrs. Jeanne B., and Albright, Rev. John R., A History of Catawissa Pennsylvania, 2 September 1974, pgs. 16-23, 70-72, and 211.

Rhoads, Willard R., History of the Catawissa Quaker Meeting at Catawissa, Columbia County, PA. and the Roaring Creek Quaker Meeting Near Numidia, Columbia County, PA., 1 June 1963, pgs. 15-23, 26-27, and 41-42.

 ====================================================================
39.    May Stansbury Mansfield was Mrs. Walter D. Mansfield of San Francisco, and is listed in Browning's "Colonial Dames of Royal Descent," pg. 389.  I have not yet located this book.  She was descended from Ellis's son, William.
 ====================================================================

The Canadian Era

McKay, William A., The Pickering Story, Township of Pickering Historical Society, 1961, pgs. 174-195.

Johnson, Leo. A., History of the County of Ontario 1615 - 1875,   The Corporation of the County of Ontario, 1973, pgs. 38-49 and 347-349. 

Phelps, Flora L., "The Pennsylvania Homes of Some Yonge Street Quakers,"  The Newmarket Era, 29 July 1981.

Ontario Genealogical Society - Whitby/Oshawa Branch, Uxbridge Quaker Settlers, Kindred Spirits, volume 14, Issue 2,  Spring 1995, pgs. 8-9.

Township of Uxbridge Land Records, Lot No. 22 in the 5th Concession.

Upper Canada Land Petitions (1793-1840) 'B' Misc./49.

Historical Atlas of Ontario County, Ontario, Beers J.H., 1877, pgs 11-12.

Wood, William R., Past Years in Pickering: Sketches of the History of the Community, Toronto: William Briggs, 1911, pgs 253-254.

 ====================================================================

Iowa and Kansas

United States census reports for 1860, 1870, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1910, 1920, and 1930.

Iowa State census reports for 1885 and 1895.

Letters, one each to John Alfred Hughes from his siblings Jarad (1880), Angie (1895), Thomas Clarkson (1895), and Martha (1899).

Numerous obituaries, such as those in Salem, Iowa's  "The Salem Weekly News" of 23 January 1896 and 17 May 1906; and Seneca, Kansas' "The Courier Democrat" of about 18 December 1908 and 13 January 1910.

Marriage, Death, and Burial certificates, indexes, and registers, such as those for Ontario, Canada; for Graceland Cemetery of Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa; and for Pasadena, California.

City Directories, such as that for Des Moines for the period 1910 - 1920.

The Social Security Death Index.

Land records for Mahaska County, Iowa during the 1860s.

 ====================================================================

Addenda

McKay, William A., The Pickering Story, Township of Pickering Historical Society, 1961, pgs. 174-195.

Berry, Ellen Thomas and Berry, David Allen, Our Quaker Ancestors, Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1987.

Comfort, William Wistar, The Quakers, A Brief Account of Their Influence on Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Historical Association, University Park, PA., 1986.

Boorstin, Daniel J., The Americans: The Colonial Experience, Vintage Books, 1958.

  ===================================================================

 

A Brief Account of the Society
of Friends in Colonial America

 

         Religion in colonial times was a much more powerful force in peoples' daily lives than now.  Church and government were almost indistinguishable.  William Penn, who was a Quaker, did his best to establish Pennsylvania as a place where all would be allowed to worship freely, and he sought to form a government based on laws consistent with fundamental principles of Quaker faith.  As a result, Pennsylvania became a very attractive safe haven for Quakers experiencing persecution in England and on the European continent.  Eventually, however, the Quakers' determination to conserve a pure Quaker sect in preference to compromising Quaker principles to accomodate a broader community led to the end of their reign in Pennsylvania.

         Prior to William Penn:  Founded in England by George Fox in about 1650, the Society of Friends' belief that each person, through an "Inner Light," could be his or her own minister or priest differentiated it from other sects and from the established Church of England.  No longer were paid leaders needed for guidance or to be the conduit for confession and forgiveness by Christ, and indeed at Friends weekly Meetings, no minister presided(s).  Needless to say, the top heavy (and wealthy) hierarchy in the Church of England was not amused, and used its power to severely persecute the Friends.  Penalties included flogging, jail time, banishment, and confiscation of Quaker property by the Church.

         The Quakers were persecuted in America as well as England, and not only by the Church of England.  Two women, Ann Austin and Mary Fisher, were the first Quakers in America.  However, after arriving in Boston from England's colony of Barbados in 1656, they were imprisoned and then forcibly returned to their point of origin by the Puritans.  The Puritans apparently arbitrarily decided that Quakers worshipped the devil.  They also were put off by the Quakers' denial of authority.  Quakers refused to bow to officials, to use titles of address, and to take oaths (such as oaths of office or court testimony).  The Puritans passed a law in 1657 allowing an ear to be cut off of any Quaker who returned to a community after being expelled.  A second return cost a second ear, and a third return cost the offender's tongue.

         To a significant and puzzling extent, many of the first Quakers on the American continent appeared to deliberately seek out the hardships of martyrdom.  They preferred to, "...die for the whole truth rather than live with a half-truth."  Unwilling, for example, to stay in colonial Rhode Island where the rulers refused to persecute them, various groups and individuals made trips that seem to reflect a spirit both bizarre and dauntless.

         Selecting from many examples, the saga of Mary Dyer illustrates the Quaker martyr tendency.  Mary Dyer returned to Puritan‑run Boston to preach and "suffer for the truth," after having been banished.  She and two other Quakers were tried and convicted on October 19, 1659, and were sentenced to death under a 1658 Puritan law.  Puritan governor Endicott, however, was reluctant to hang a woman, and after having her mounted on the gallows with arms and legs bound and face covered, he gave Mary a reprieve and again banished her from Boston.  The two men were executed.  Mary Dyer, however, was undaunted, and returned on May 21, 1660 to continue preaching.  She was again arrested and sentenced, refused the Governor's new offer of a reprieve, and was duly hanged.

         The New England Puritan leaders were not sadists.  But they had risked everything to travel three thousand miles to escape the same sort of persecution in England and Europe that the Quakers experienced, and to build their own image of Zion.  The Puritans had not sought out the Quakers to punish them.  Instead the Quakers appeared to come in search of punishment.

William Penn's "Holy Experiment":  William Penn took advantage of a debt of about 16,000 lbs. owed his late father by King Charles II to acquire a charter for the Pennsylvania territory.  The King had no ready funds available for repaying debts, and was happy to grant territory in America in lieu of cash payment.  Charles II granted the charter on 4 March, 1681.

         William Penn thus was called upon to prepare a frame of government for a land he had never seen and for people who were not yet there, and to meet contingencies of which he could have no idea.  He sought to do this on the basis of a kind of Quaker practical mysticism that incorporated some of the principles of justice, liberty, and equal opportunity that have come to be equated with the United States.  The Quakers possessed a set of attitudes about justice, equality, and toleration which fit later textbook definitions of American democracy.

          Penn, who had converted to Quakerism in 1667 and had served time in British jails for his views, also sought to create a "Holy Experiment" where his conviction that all should be allowed to worship freely could be put into practice.  In his "Frame of Government of Pennsylvania," Penn started by asserting the necessity of law in human society as authorized by God and stated by St. Paul, and added his belief that, "...government seems to me to be a part of religion itself, a thing sacred in its institution and end."

         Principles versus Practice:  Troubles arose largely because of the conflict 1) over the Quakers' refusal to take or administer oaths, and 2) between Penn's responsibility to the English Crown and the Quakers' pacifist beliefs.

         Oaths:  Three centuries later, the issue of oaths and its resolution is difficult to understand.  The origin of the Quakers' resistance to taking oaths was a 1656 answer by George Fox to an English court that was attempting to administer the usual "truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth" oath.  Fox refused, saying, "...for Christ our Lord and Master saith, 'Swear not at all; but let your communication be yea, yea, and nay, nay: for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil."  It was, according to Fox, "the light in every man" which gave him the truth and made him testify to it.  The only Biblical justification for swearing was in the old testament, and thus directed only to Jews.

         Anglicans (Church of England) and other non-Quakers, however, felt that no testimony was valid or office responsible without the accompaniment of an oath.  This issue festered both in Pennsylvania and in England until 1718, when a law that met the minimum of Quaker demands escaped repeal by the Crown.  The law allowed an "affirmation" in place of an oath for witnesses and office holders and established the same penalties for false affirmations as for perjury.  This has aspects of a question of semantics to the modern eye, but exemplified what became to be seen as Quaker obstinance or, more charitably, stubbornness.

         Pacifism:  Pacifist practices caused problems in controlling pirates on the Delaware Bay, in protecting frontier Quaker settlers from the Indians, and in meeting England's demands for contributions to military forces.  This began to come to a head in 1739 when the Pennsylvania government was forced to struggle with England's demand for support in its war with Spain, the so‑called War of Jenkins' Ear.  Skipping over the detail, the Quakers' succeeded in paralyzing the Pennsylvania government until about 1745, when a strong compromise party emerged under the leadership of Benjamin Franklin. 

         Faced in the 1750s with French‑incited Indian attacks in western Pennsylvania, Quaker leaders finally took Franklin's advice and, on June 4, 1756, the six leading conservative Quakers in the Pennsylvania Assembly offered their resignations.  Franklin reported with pleasure that, "...all the stiff rump....have voluntarily quitted the Assembly; and 'tis proposed to chuse Churchman (Anglicans) in their places."  Although less‑rigid Quakers remained in the Assembly, three‑quarters of a century of Quaker rule in Pennsylvania thus came to an end by abdication.

        Quakers/Puritans: The Quaker experience displays a dramatic contrast to that of the Puritans.  Puritan success was made possible by the decline of American Puritanism as an uncompromising theology.  Quakers, however, preferred to conserve a pure Quaker sect rather than build a broader community with a flavor of compromised Quakerism, and in doing so were put out of power.

         Later Division:  Inevitably, the Society of Friends eventually divided between the moderates, who wanted to adapt the church to make it more practical, and conservatives who wanted to stick with the original idea.  The formal division occurred in 1827, and became known as the "Hicksite Separation."  Many places now boast two Quaker churches; the Orthodox and the Hicksite

 

            ===================================================================

The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century
Journals of Timothy and Wing Rogers ³⁹

 The Pickering Story
By w
Wm. A. McKay
pub. by Twp. Of Pickering Historical Society     1961 

Appendix i 

A PART OF THE JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY ROGERS,  1756-1827*

         I was born in the provanc of Conatuc, North Amarac in the town of Lime and my father's name was Timothy Rogers.  My berth was on the 22 day of the fifth month in the year of our Lord 1756.

         As my fortune was to be put out I livd among other pepil till I was about six years old and as thay told me I was yoused very hard then one of my mothers brothers John Huntby by name movd about 150 mils to the Nine pandnes in the government of New York and as he came down where I was put out to one John Tubs.  Heiring that I was abused came and took me away and took me hum to the Nine pandnes where he had begun a new farm.

         But being poor and having a grate famala put me out a spell to a baptis minastor wheir I lived a litil more then one yeair.  Then took me hom a spell.  Then when I was about ten years old he put me out to one James Griffen in said place where I was well yousd till I was about fifteen or sixteen then being pruswaided to go from him I went away and thought to larne.  A triad but disapinted I returned to said Griffen agane.  The consomshun came in the famaly of my unkil and he and two of his daughtars died with it aboute the time that I was forteen years old.

         I heaird that my mother was ded and I felt consarned to git some larning.  My mastor sente me to scool to a Mistris and in about three weks I larnt so as to spell considerabil and begin to rede aftarword.  I went to a nite scool aletil to larn to rite, and sifar by that and what I got od spels, I larnt to rede rite and sipher aletil, though I have afoon found my mind loud in thanks to the Lord that he created a desior in me to strive for larning.  I never got much yet I saw in my day many that had ten tims the chanse to larne that I had and did not git haff so much as I did though I hope all childorn will try to larn.  I desir that all parens or gardeens will try to give ther childorn larning.

*The spelling is Roger's own; some punctuation has been added

 I remember when I was young I ofan found the visation of God on my soul and I praid if it mite be his will that I mite be one of his servents if it was only the leste of those that should be thought fit to enter into the kindom of his son Jesus Christ.  My master was not a religus man though cold a  very onest man and of a moril life and conversation.

         As I grew to riper age youthful lust and the pleshers of this life begin to draw me away and about this time wars between England and Amaraca the United Stats broke oute and all though at first I found a spirit of wair on my mind yet as the Lord brooke in on my sool at tims I found my minde boughte under a sens of the graite destruction of war on the airth and yet I could not see why a man mite not stand in his one defens and I hed found that the servents of God under the old convenant did fight when God did command them.  Then I found that Christ and his desipels did not go to war but Christ bor the scof of men and the pane of deth for his inamais and as a lamb slane from the foundations of the world he was crusafide.  Neverthe less I found a graite strogel in my mind and in this time in the nineteenth year of my aige and year of our Lord 1776 and 7 day of the first month I married to Sarah Wite, the daughter of Obadiah Wite who was baptis in their prinsobills.

 The war spred round the shoors of Amaraca sum towns was burnt sum harbors blocked up.  The common pepil was much in a devishan whether they shold fite for King or Congres but the Lord ofon sent his sperit on my soul and cost me to think why he shoold cose men to be created an yet let them kill one another at such a rate which I found to be thru their one perlutians and by the spirit of the wiked that cost men to foal which I believed Christ came to redeem men from, as his Life and doctrine wase of a pesabil loving nator and he taught his disipels to love one another and to love their inemes telling them at a sarting time that if his kingdom was of this world his servents would fight and he charged them to bair reviling and so fair from fiting was his commands that if they was smote on one cheke they was to turn the other and commanded them to do good for evil and as they would have men to do to them they should do to all men.^**  Therefore, I conkluded all wars was wiked and the scriptor saith when a sort came on a land it was for the sins of the pepil and as I was not brought up in any prefessian of religon I begin to thinke what way or among what pepil I cold serve God in an acceptibel mannor . . . . . . .

 

***************************

 

         Now I begin to yous the plane scriptor language which cosed pepil to coll me a quaker.  Though my aquantnas with that pepil was very small yet as I continued in that language I soon found an opportunity of seeing some of the sociaty of thos cold quakers . . . .

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         The meeting ended quiet and well.  Prases be to God.  The 23 we went to St. Jons landed about 1 in the aftornoon found our frend John Daves with the horses and parted with the frend that had carried us from the grand isle so far in a kenew safe.  We went 20 mils to a town on St. Larnensis River, found about 400 families and a Roman Catholic meeting house . . . . . .

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         Found a brig cold the Four Brothers from London bound with eight thousand boshels of wheat for Halifax harbor about 1 1/2 mils from Halafax in Nova-shosa comanded by Cap George Sarmon.  Joshuay and I went on bord and sent our horses bac by John Davis.  The 28 day we parted being on bord for to go about twelv hundred mils bu wator, about 20 days passig by wator.  My companin being very sik about 2 weeks and having sevril storms of wind and rane and fog sayling near St. Johns land thru the gut of Canso by the iland of Cape Britain and having settings on 5 days and I have two very remarcable dreams that gave me a tru sens of trobel in my famaly at hom.  I had many brething crys for my wife and childorn in my spirit as also for my one sole.

         On the 17 day of the 7 mo. 1795 we had a pres gang come on bord.  We got to Darthmouth among our frends, put up at Seth Colmans.  We had a number of metings being hily favoured in testamony and came acrost the bay of Fondy from Digby to the sity of St. Jons in the mouth of St. Jons river in the Bay of Fondy.  They say the tide rases from 30 feet to 70 feet high that comes in a time of wind the bay to be very ruff.  At St. Johns were we landed on the 8^th day of the 8^th month, 1795.  On the 19^th we went forrard by frends help to one Daved Oings on Campabolen in the bay of Quady nye St. Croiks river.  He gave us soper loging for nought.  The 15 day we got to the provans of Maine.

Note:  several pages of sermon omitted here.

Words not legible transcribed as xxxxx in copy below.

         As I was waiting on the Lord their was a very pleasant feeling coverd my mind and I gave up to his will thinking I would do anything that he required and it apeared if I would make redy and go amediately to the westward.  The lord would make way for me to setil in the wilderness where no other wair setold and xxxx both me and my childorn mite setol their and that the plas xxxxxxx soon setil and that it should opern a door for a meeting of xxxxxxxx in that plas.  But as my wife was unwilling to move I could not see how it could be as I also had 3 dartors setold and married and two sons but I was making redy, and said nothing.  But about three weeks after an acorrens took plas where my wife become willing and on the 24^th day of the 4^th month 1800 I started and kep minets but left riting in this jornel from 1798 till this day, that is the 26^th day of the 8 month in 1804 which I shall here begin and give a tru account of as the 2 part of my jornel, and as I have been a long jorny and had aminit, I shall here giv a copy of said minit and our governs satifitic and then pressed.

Uper Canada

These air to sartafy that Mr. Timothy Rogers has completed the setolment he undertook in this provans much to my satisfaction and has in all respects condocted and demend himself as a good morrel corector and faithful subject, dated at York, 29 day of December in the yeir of our Lord 1803.

Sind Petor Huntor, left Tenent Govner

         "Whereas our frend Timothy Rogers having opened his prospect of going to Vermont in order to setol som outward affairs and also if way opens to go to our yearly meeting at Philadelpha, we therefore recommend him to your brotherly cair and oversite.  The clark is desired to give him a copy of this minit at a monthly meeting of frends at Pelham in Uper Canada, the 4^th day of the first month 1804, Petor Beckitt, Clark."

As I said I now presede on the 24 day of the 4 month 1800 I started with my son in law Rufus Rogers his father Wing Rogers having had a tolk with me as thus:  Brother Timothy if thee will stay till next fall I will go with thee. Ansor. I cant, I feel as if I must go with thee, have hay and harvest to atend to and it will be such a los Thou had best to wate for me til fall.  I ansord that I cant see my way cleir to wate but I should be glad his company.  I felt a grate tryal in my mind as I tolked and walked the room and as he urged very hard to have me wait I felt a hevy impresion of mind and told him if he would go amediately I should be glad but I understand there is places that there is a frends metings at the Bay of Quimpy and Pelum and if I go it seems as if I shall find a plas between them and be helpful to get frends in Uper Canada untied and as I spoke I became zelus to show my intent to do right and it impressed my mind so strong that I said, "It seems as if there will be a line runing and I can get land where pepil may setol on both sides and a new country will soon be like an old plas in a new naborhood," so he stoped talking as I had been led to say that which proved anedecens to him for so it was.  And after a long travel I got there.  Rufus gave out before I got half way and I vued several plases and as I got a days jorny in the wilderness ny Red. O. Lake I struck along maybe 20 miles from any house alone, for so I have often done.  As I got up before sun rise a very strong moshun took hold of my mind to go back to my mair, but I sot and it seemed to leave me.  But I thought I was willing to go bac or hom or any way if I nud -- the moshon was from the Lord but now feling no mor I went on ver fast further in the wilderness as ny as I could tell by my watch and small compas about 5 or six mils and I went fast, the feling struk me agane and I went amediately back to a frend and old aquantes of mine Joseph Day wheir I left my mair and it semd as if I must go to York in this provans.  And by a grate deal of hard travil got to York in this provans and then went 30 or 40 mils bac, and following my consarn maid way to apply to Garner Giminl Hontor* and John Elsley, chefe justis became my frend and all the land was vuid by a company before me.  I got bac and got a grant for forty farms of 200 acors each by minding the felings of the Good Spirit in my hart weir now there ¨is a monthly meting and a half yers meting and 5 weke day metings includin wheir I now liv,** and the lord was so wonderful to begin a meting of frends at this plase for I met the Surveyor -- that had ron the lins when I went out vuing and aftor I had contracted to bring on forty famales about 500 mils of land, I went on to Lake Ery and found two prepritiv metings one at Pelum and one at Blac Crik that made one month meting under the cair of the yerly meting at Pheledelphy.  And whil I was gon in a day or tow our frend Samuel Londy (Samuel Lount) came from Pensal and took joining the land I had agreid for, and took from government a grant for 20 famales mov joining aftor a long tegus jorny, and laying many nights alone in the wilderness I saw Samuel in my retorn to York and Isaac Philips that now is an eldor movd into York from Pensalvana monthly meting, and as the hool move would be tegus about this Pelum and as all of us is about 250 or 300 mils apart now frends wair scatord three hundord mils.  Of business I may say the Lord did ashureredly help bessed be his name.  So I found Rufus and retornd and got hom aftor about 3 monthly and the 15 day of the sekant month 1801 I parted one stay and on the 17 I started seven stays and all my afocts and had a tegus vige.  My wife Sarah had a son just befor I started that I namd aftor the chef justis John Elmsley Rogers, and we had a grate move and many tryels but got on the ground about the firs of the 5 month 1801 . . . . . .

* Governor General Hunter
**  The grant of land included land in Pickering since Timothy Rogers was living here at the time of writing.  The Woodruffs, Munger, Crawfords were here in 1801 and Peak a little earlier.  They were all Quakers.

But in 1807 I bot a mil plase in Picorin and about this time Jobe Pugh from Pensalvany a recommended minestor movd in and took much lede in our meting and soon aftor Jacob Win a fine tendor minestor in truth came to Yong St. from Vermont, and then there sone became a solect meting of which I can say but litil as I do not belong thereto, but I have always maid it my rule if I thought any or our members did a mis so as to make me onesy to go and tell them and when I thought Minestor or eldor or overseur mised it I go a tell them so that opens a dor and they tolk with me freely and it is well non I have had a grate gift from the lord to setol new contry.  I have setold eight new farms or plantashens laid out one a town wheir I went first I went thrity mils in the wildernes and now there is a town on ortor crik cold Vergunus that is incorparated as a sity and with four mils cold Ferrissburgh quartor.

         This town Picorn lays on about the sentor of Lake Ontarao wheir emtys a fine streme cold Dofins Crik.  This is a fine streme and I bilt my mil, so a bote cold com 3 mils from the Lake Shore and land at my mil dor, a fine fishery it is.  Our samon commonly waies aftor well dressed about 7 or 8 pounds and some 15 or 20 pounds.  We have a grate varyety of fish in this lake which is 300 mils navabel -- for grate shiping and the grate wators that make the river St. Larens runs thru this lake and Nygara Fols at the hed and the repits below Osago at the outlet and Montroal our first see port.  Smith has give history of Uper Canada and sevril travelors Oscar Var and old pardner Anthony, that I refer those to that want a history accounpt but I only rite to ese my mind. This plas although very new is about the sentor of frends in Uper Canada.  I beleve in time will preduse a yerly meting within ten mils of this spot whair I live on Dofins Crik and on the 7 day of the 10 month 1808 John Brown fols meting Buks county -- John Shumaker in Shumakers town, Abington meting both in Pensalvana.  Hannah Fisher of Pheladelphy and Rebacor Archer of Burlington the yerly meting for frends for Pensalvana and New Jarsa to be held at Philadelphy and from the yerly meting for frends held at N. York.  Ann Shiply of New York City Anna Merit of Nine Padnes and Rubin Haight of Ninpardnis with sevril others for pilit and company.  These I went considorabil with and a blessed viset it was to us in Uper Canada and in my last atandans of our two yerly metings I saw them all and mostly at their one homs and it was in the pour of truth that was to be held at West Lake meting on forth day following the last first day in the first month a Yong Strete on 4 day following the last firs day in the eighth month select meting.

         At my retorn I found a grate deth on Yong Strete and had been hevy on my beloved frends famaly.  I mean Jacob Winn and mine for I had had forteen childoron, 8 sons and six dartors, my two oldest sons that was marred don’t belong among frends but air setold on Yong Strete, five dartors that was marred, all dyed 2 sons John eighteen and John Elmsley about nine yers old and also the man he was named on the accounpt of I heir is ded.  My wif intierly giv us bisnes -- my famaly almost half gon I had ben bilding gris mil, sawmil and sevril log bildings * and from the first weke I came heir I always sot down to wait on the lord in my one house on first days and John Haight that marred Marah Rogers became touch in his mind although he had ben very bad and had ben deirsakal in his principbels I believe some opurtunys I had with him was to good efect he came and set down with us some tims and my wif cep along in a strange way and was ablock to my going on my duty amongst frends, but said if I would buir a good hous or to that efect I mite go and in 1810 and 11 I got a house so I thought to a move.   In a short time had a barn and considorabil of clering and the 3 day of the 1 month 1812 my wife Sarah and I started to go to York with me to git som things she wanted in said hous and as we rode this 24 mils she toked plesent and told hur wishes and the nese day atended to sell and by and aftor we had ben their awhile went 6 or 7 mils up Yong St. to Wilam Marshis for his wife was hur relation and yous us.  Well byt my wife was taken porly and complaned of chils then an ague and pain between hur brest and side.  Hir old relation was very kind as also Saly their dartor and I son went to York and brot Doctor Aspanwall.  Everything was don that man cold do -- we left four childoron at hom.  Asa, Wing, Stephen and my now only dartor Matilda, it being very cold I was very much for to go intanding on her, she prayed aloud to the lord and offon expresd som religus sayings that she had larnt when yong befor she had joind frends and wair not wiling to be removed and on the 6 day of hur siknes and the 13  day of the 1 month about 8 o'clock in the evening she departed this life.  While I was lay down a short time, but I heird Salla say Mrs. Rogers is dying I arose and made hast but befor I got to hur she was departed this life.  And I sent to my setold childorn at the fardor end of Yong Stret.  They came to hur burel that was on the 17 day of the firs month at my one house in Picoron with my three childorn, Sara, John and John Elmsley Rogers.  And now I was left to move in my new hous with four childorn, two oldest sons setold at Yong Stret and Timothy disoned and gon to stats.  Do you think tong can tell my trobel or pen right my greaf.

* (Rogers' log buildings have been gone for many years but Miss E. Richardson remembers his frame house on Lot 13, Con. 1, south of the Quaker church and in the area that is now the south east section of Morley Park subdivision.  His mills were on the mill site still in use until the fire of 1956, close to the 401 overpass and the C.N.R. bridge.)

          I was apointed with others to go to our yerly meting at New York, and I sent setoling my outard afairs and the lord maid way and I sold my mills and fifty acors of land and paid all my dets that I no of except a mortgage on my land and paid part of that and left money du from Robard and Benona Penrose and Timothy Miller anuf to pay it, and Asa Rogers my late son-in-law took a pour of atorny to colect said mony, and take up the said morgaige, and Cornelas Blount being apointed to go rote to me to go to Jinevil, and Govnar Shef to git liberty and I did so as got as follers:

 

Hedquarters, York 15^th, march 1813

         Permit the undernamed persons of the
sosiety of Quakers to pass over
from Kingston into the United States,
as it apeirs they have ben Apointed
to atend their yerly meting of their

       Sosiety in the sity of New York -
Philip Darling,  Jonathan Bowman,
Cornelas Blont, Timothy Rogers.
By command of His Honor Major
      Gineril Sheaffe,

                                                      Nathan Coffin, Col.

                                                               P.A.D.C.

 

To Col. Peerson

For Officer Commg. Kingston
I got from a man of my aquantans on Yonge stret (vis)

 

         These air to sartafy that I have none
the bairer  hereof Timothy Rogers one of
the firs of pepel called Quakers that
setolled on Yong st. and one of heds of that sosiety in the county of
Yorks soins the yer 1800, and as he has been my ny nabor
most of the time I have known him to
be a very thurer indosters man and the best
man for sotling a new contry that I was ever
aquainted with and he hath ben very conformabel to all of our laws and
regulations as a good subject of our
Lord the King.  But he had the misfortin
to lose his old companan a worthy wife
by deth in the month of Janawary 1812
and now is disiras to travel to visit his frends.

                                    Yong St.

                                    February 19 day  1813

                                    Wilam Graum

                           Justis and Colrnel of Melisha

 

I also got from frends to sho that I was cleir of marraig Ingagements as follars:  Timothy Rogers being apointed to atend the yerly meting at New York informd that he had a desir or prospect of visiting som of his relations in the Stats.  These may sartyfy that he is a member with us and clair or marrig ingagements as fur as apeirs.  Sined in and by order of Yong Street Monthly meeting held by ajornment the 25 day of 2 month 1813 by Thomas Linoel Clark, and also from our town clark.

 

         To home it may consarn:  This is to sertafy that
I have ben aquainted with Timothy Rogers for
Severil years past and I now him to be a man
Of verasaty and property that consists of neir
Five thougsand dolers and cleir of dept.

         By dated                        Thomas Hubbard,
         At Picoron this      Town clark for the town of   

         26 day of March, 1813   Hom destrik,
         County of York, and Provans of Uper Canada.

         I put my son Asa to take cair of 290 acors and a considerabel of improvements about 16 or 20 mils to Yong Street.  Stephen is to our old frends Thomas and Sarah Hilbon ny frends to his mother.  Wing to my yong frends John A Haights that livs ny heir to help take cair of this six honderd acors and so forth.  My dartor Metalda at Henery Widerfelds and I clothd them all exstrnay well for about two years.  The wars maks the jorny lak duber -- but my hool dependans is in the lord having now brot forward a short accoupt of things with my one hand I may say that in a few months in the yeir 1809 departed of my aquantans by sikness about thirty on and ny Yonge Strete and considerabil numbers in other plases On this date and last foal a grate deth has gon thru this Uper Canada.  First it was cold the tyfas fever, but latorly we have had the mesals by which som has departed this life, but mostly it has ben such an oncomon disorder that it sems to baffel the skill of the wisest and best forishans.  Nicholas Brown ny heir and wife is members.  This 1 day of the 4^th month 1813.  I exspet to start son.

The diary now is discontinued until the year 1827 just before Timothy Rogers dies.

                  On the 7 day of the 2 mo 1827 I set very still, my wife and 5 childorn by me none els present.  Jonathan red 7 chaptors in the last of acts.  I seemed to feel a plesant flow of devine lov that I beleve to be the lov of God by his son Jesus Christ.  Then it was and is that it came in my mind to as to my yongest sons name that has ben Daved Rogers that was for the kind acts of Dave Rogers to me.  He is desesd and now add Timothy to signafy my son -- so that from this time his nam is daved Timothy Rogers and when his name is rote daved T. Rogers it may be understood Daved Rogers, son of Timothy Rogers.  So that Daveds name and his fathers is remembered.

 

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Appendix ii

 

THE JOURNAL OF
WING ROGERS 

         The following pages are an exact copy of the originals -- words, spelling, punctuation, etc.
         The original book, at this date (Jan. 30, 1961) is in the possession of Mervyn Paul, R.R. 6, Galt, Ont.

         Mervyn Paul, is the son of the late Hannah Saunders Rogers (and J.G.Paul) daughter of Elihu Rogers (and Susannah Cruess) son of Wing Rogers (and --- Hughes) son of Timothy Rogers (and Anna Harned).

         This is my first book of manuscripts, to leave behind me.

Wing Rogers Book, and pen this the 12^th day of the 8^th. month, 1866, & I am now in my 68^th, year of my pilgramage, it being a long time since I have had it on my mind to write down some of the baptisms & trials, that the Lord, out of his tender mercies, hath brought me through; praise ye his holy name, all ye my tender offspring, rising gereration, & ye that fear the Lord, that look upon these lines when I am dead & gone, & may we all meet in Heaven above, where all is love, to see his face & sing his praise forever & ever Amen, & also I have wrote a few beautiful pieces, that I have found in different authors, selected out of good paper, tracts, & books, &c,&c.  In these, I have taken great delight & would with my dying breath recommend to both young and old, as also to all good books which point the way to Zion, for books have a great influence, on the mind to direct us to the way of the saints everlasting rest, or the way to lamentation & woe.  But I study brevity; although I want to tell to thee Oh friendly reader a little about my dear Parents, and first I will speak of my dear father his name was Timothy Rogers, and he was born in the state of Connecticutte, of the stock and descendents of the martyr John Rogers, minister of the gospel, who was burnt at the stake, Smithfield, London, in Queen Marys reign whose wife followed him to the stake, with nine small children, & one at her brest, & my beloved father informed us that his Children are the tenth generation from that valiant martyr, of our dear Lord and saviour Jesus Christ who triupmphed over death hell & the grave, in the flames, Hallalujah, praise ye the Lord, Oh my soul, & I want to meet all of you, that now doth live, but soon will be numbered with the nations that has gone before, in the hapy Caanease land I hope, where there will be rest for you & rest for me, & rest for the good soldier, that hath laid his armour by, & when I meditate and speak of these preshus things my poor soul seams to be with Bunyons on the delectable mountain with the shepherds where the ayer is pure & the birds are ever singing, & all Creation praise the high & lofty one who inhabits eternity, & where all the peoples minds & souls, are engaged, both by night & by day, to reach that hapy home, & conversing about their enjoyments when they arive safe at that delightful clime, On the other side of Jourdan, In the sweet fields of Eden, Where the tree of life is ever blooming, There will be rest for you. Oh ye faithful weary pilgrims, & there two the shepherds had telescopes & those that had good eyes (or much faith), could see the Celestial City whose builder & maker is God, there they craved & longed to be, there their treasures were, & there their hearts were who, neither do Gods saints on earth wondre at it, for I never read of a trance or vision or a dream, of any man or mortal, that had a sight of that glorous place that wanted to leave it, oh no, not for all of earths storehouses full of jewels, of perishing gold & siver, & moreover Bunyon tells of the shining ones, comeing down from the Celestial City, which was built on a very high mountain, with trumpets harps and all kinds of instruments of music, in their hands, playin the most melodios strains, that mortals ever heard, to conduct them up to the royal City, & when the gates were opened & he heard all of the bells ring in that great City, & all of the inhabitants whout welcome weary pilgrim, he wished to be there, but in vain, & uterly impossible, unless we truly love that noble Prince Emanuel, Gods only begotten son Jesus Christ, worthy to be praise, forever & ever more, & keep his statutes & ordinances in our hearts & printed in our thoughts, as Zechariah & Elisabeth, who walked in all of the Commandments of the Lord, blameless.  Oh when I think of these great wraptueres of Joy which John Bunyon leaves, with us, as well as many more, most exelent writings under the samilitude of dreams, & visions admired by all denominations then I have to prais the Lord, for that word of truth, left us in Holy writ, Job 33-Cha.& 14^th.verse, -- For God speaketh once yea twice yet man perceiveth it not -- in a dream in a vision of the night when deep sleep falleth upon him in slumbering upon his bed, namely.  Oh what are earths joy to me, Since I an heir of Heaven may be, Praise ye the Lord Saith my longing panting soul & I will sing in spirit & truth, Hallalujah -- & hight renown be to the Lord God & the lamb forever & ever, Amen.

Now I will tell the, oh friendly reader, that my dear Father was an orphan Child, had neither father or mother, both were dead & gone, & whilst but a young Child he was put out amongst strangers, who used him very hard and cruel, & I have often had, to wondre however he lived through the abuse that he would tell of, with the tears running down his aged cheeks, but Providentally some of this friends got charge of him and brought him to Dutches county in the state of Newyork, to live with an uncle where he received good usage, & there he remained untill he grew to mans estate, & there he was married to Sarah Wite, my dear effectionate Mother, that hath been gone no doubt to the Celestial City, about 52 years.  Oh yes, & there I hope to meet her with songs of the redeemers praise & Hallalujahs & high renown, forever to be with our Lord to see his face, with that dear mother.  She was away from home to receive the awfull stroke of death, which she met with, in the greatest composure, and songs of her redeemers Love saying, O death where is thy sting, Oh grave where is thy victory; &directed where she chose to have her remains laid even beside her children in Pickering, then sang her weary soul to Rest in Jesus Arms, oh let us all strive to meet there.  And that dear father and mother had fourteen living Children, & one stillborn and here I will give their names, the first birth, Obadiah Rogers, James R., Hannah R., Mary R., Lydia R., Sarah R., Elisabeth R., Timothy R., John R., Asa R., Matilda R., Wing R., John Elmsley R., & Stephen R., & about two years before my dear mothers death, my Parents buried seven children out of the fourteen & most of them were maried & had families, which was a great trial to them both, but particularly so, with mother, I was young but I can remember of seeing her meet the neighbour wimin, & talking of her troubles & great loss, with the tears runing down her aged face, & comparing it to Jobs troubles, but she took the same disease, the Tiphus fever when there was none of that in the land,m & went after them, & I most shurly believe to that sweet land of rest, forever to be with hur dear Lord & master &c.  Then after my mothers death my dear father maried the seckoned time, to a very fine Christian woman, who made an exelent stepmother to me, & all of Fathers Children, by his first wife, & she was a great comfort to him in his declining years, hur name was Anna Harned, of New Jersey, of a good respectable family, & she two has gone, I hope to the City of the New Jerusalam, where sickness pain suggin & sorrowe can never come, Hallalujah, but my dear Father passed away a few years before her, I hope to be forever with his Lord, & rest from his toil both outward & inward, for he oft had to contend with principalities and powers & spiritual wickedness, in high places; he oft spoke to the mourners in Zion , in the assemblies of the Lord, & strengthned the weak knees of & hands that hange down, & it was his delight to see the prosperity of Jerusalam, & craved to see her borders enlarged, & her stakes strengthened, & hur cords lenghned, he traveled some in his masters cause, & oft times proclaimed the glad tidings of much joy at home at his own meetings, to the rejoicing of many hearts, &c., & in the compassionate Saviours bosom. I hope he hath found a resting place, & my dear mother Anna bore my Father five Children, whose names are,; Jonathon R. Rogers, Sarah R., Martha R., John Wilde R., David T.R., which in all made twenty Children.  But of my own dear mothers children there now only remains two, & of the seckond family four, &c. &c.  I have said that my father & mother were maried in Dutches county, & from thence they moved to Danby, on the waters of Lake Champlain, in a howling wilderness, & there he called on the name of the Lord, & a friends meeting in a few years, was gathered around him.  My father & mother also came in amongst friends by request, my dear father was a man that drove much business, he built mills, & here he built a forge, cleared land, kept store, & in some places made large contract with the land propritors & Governors to make settlements, & always strove to gather unto the Lord, & it was his great delight ' theme to erect an altar to the God Abraham Isaac & Jacob, & from thence he moved to Vergennes, where now stands one of the largest towns in the State of Vermont, & in that country my God gave me birth, in the year 1798, 10^th mo. 25^th day.  My father moved here into the wilderness, But settlement went on rapidly, & he became wealthy, for the God his fathers had blessed him in basket & in store, & here also he erected an altar to the God of the whool Eart, Martors, Prophets & Apostles, where in a few years there was gathered a large meeting of valiants, for their holy Redeemers cause, for all those blessings; I oftimes heard my dear father thank bless & praise the great giver, of all things both temporal & spiritual, Hallalujah, & now the Orphan boy, something like Joseph in Egypt, forgot his fathers house, he became full & plenty, with a wife & Children, a numerous family, & several of the eldest of them maried, & he had men servants & maid servants, & he might have said with Jacob, -- I came over this Jourdan with my staff only but thou Oh God, hath made of me two bands.  Well my father sold out a rich possession there & mooved to Canada, west five hundred miles, & setted on yong street, near Newmarket, where he again made a contract with the newly arived Governor & Chief Justice, for to make a settlement, & oftimes heard him say that he arived here the first Governor ever took his seat in Upper Canada, in the year 1800.  He made a bargain with the authorities to bring in forty famalies, to setle this howling wilderness, for shurly it was then a howling wilderness, where now is fruitful fields, orchards vinyards garden vilages towns Cities schools grammar-schools Colleges Academies good roads factories of all kinds both of wood iron brass gold & silver stone & marble; I can remember when it was a great phenomony to have one printing office, even in little york, as it used to be called, but Toronto now, & now I presume there are hundred of them in this Province, there is scarcely a vilage but there will be two or three of them.Those brave pioneirs had to go to mill forty-fifty, and in some places a hundred miles, after there were a very few erected, & in some cases cut the road, make bridges or swim across creeks and streams, & indeed combat with thousands of difficulties, that the inhabitants now are strangers to; & now I am gowin to give the reader a little hint respecting our wild beasts, there were thousands of wolves, bears deer foxes wildcatts or lynx, racoons, & other smaller animals two numerous to mention.  The wolves would collect into larges companies oftimes, howl, & bark, yelp & squeal, as it were, & make several strange noises, yes, old hunters tell us that one wolf will sound many different notes enough to make the forset ring again, & make the strongest man trimble if he was exposed to their wilds, & had no protection.  But to the persons that had safely arive to the log house their houling pleased them well --they delighted to hear this wild music, probably as much as our vain youth delight nowadays to hear what they call the whool brass band.  Besides these monsters of the forests, which were the dred of man, sheep & the timid deer, the bear was to be dreaded next, they didnot gather into large companies but they were bold & would attack man, & they were an awfull oponent, & frequently people have been roughly handled by them, & some killed; they also destroy the sheep & swine, & other creatures that the new settlers knew not how to spare.  Also the deer, & numerous fish, of many very exelent kinds, was much used, instead of what every farmer can raise now, on his own farm for food, & the seting of the table.  Besides we had a great vaiety of birds, that made our forests ring with their sweet notes, wild ducks & geese which were an excelent dish, & for a few years the rushes, that grew in those forests, in a bundance, made good food for the cattle & horses, through the cold winters, until it could be raised by the inhabitants.

         In those days there were a great many, yes hundreds and thousands of Indians, or Natives, who were harmless & agreeable, & they traded with the white people, in many articles, & when a boy we were allways glad to see them come to our fathers house with Baskets brooms trays ladles & fish, venison ducks & geese, & shugar, cramberrries, & many more kinds of beries, & furs & skins &c, but now they are fast dwindling, & runing out, & will in all probability some futer day be entirely gone as the nations that are extinct.  Well after my father had lived to fulfill his contract with respect to settlement, & had the satisfaction to see great improvements in those parts, & a larg meeting gathered, in the 1807 or-8 -- he again mooved to Pickering where he lived until death remooved him, as the sweet peot tells us, On the other side of Jourdan, In the sweet fields of eden, I hope to Caanean, Where the tree of life is ever blooming, There will be rest for you; never to moove any more, nor toil any more, nor hunger or thirst any more.  But my dear father lived to see a large meeting gathered around him here, & also to see the great rent in the society that was called the Hixite separation which took place in those parts, about the year 1828 -- & a very sorsfull rent it was indeed, it caused many pangs of sorrowe on both sides.  But my dear father had a prospect, of a yearly meeting in Canada, & he used to tell his Children, & his friend, that he thought it would be located in Pickering, nearly 60 years before it was granted to our Three Quarterly meetings, now held in Upper Canada, namely Westlake, Yongstreet, & Pelham, for after several requests being made to the Newyork yearley meeting of friends, to which we belonged in those days, they granted to us a yearley meeting, to be held at Pickering, & the first meeting to be held next 6^th.mo. in the year 1867 -- & our friends are now makin preparations for it, & a large brick meeting house is building, on part of my fathers old farm, on the very grounds that he gave to the society, many years before his death, for the use of a meeting & a burial ground, praise ye the Lord, saith my soul, salvation belongs to our God: saith Mary & Elisabeth, St. Luke first ch. 46^th vers, & Mary said, My soul doth magnify the Lord, & my spirit hath rejoiced in God my saviour, &c, &,.  And when but a youth, & up to manhood, & the early part of my days, we cought hundreds and thousands of Salmon, in Duffinses Creek, that ran through my fathers farm on the which he built a sawmill & grist mill, & also there were cought in all the cricks & streams on the north side of Lake Ontario that was large enough.  But as the fishermen increased, & the country became cleared up, & mildams built, which prevented them from gowing up to spawn, besides all that nets & seins, & the increase of navigation, on those waters (where 60 or 80 years before there was not a white man to be sean) -- doubtless this is the reason why they faled; & also all kinds that had to spawn in the runing waters the salmon trout whitefish sturgeon herin pike & pickerell -- & many more kinds live in the great water, the mullets & suckers the beautifull little speckle trout & Eals run up the Creeks & also, men contrive schemes & plans even to draw them out of deep water, & the poor fish, like the Natives of Aboregines, are fast diminishing, for which I sorrowe.

         And now I propose telling thee oh dear reader, a little about my last schooling.  In the year 1818 -- I left home on foot, to cary my self & all the necessary clothing, to the Ninepartners Boarding School, the distance being five hundred miles, held in Dutches county, Newyork State, & about the twentieth uear of my life.  This was then considered to be the most respectable school in Newyork yearly meeting, I think the avarage number of schollars probably would be 80-or a 100; the boys were taught & taken care of, both day & night by men, & the girls by Wimin -- the boys & girls had entirely separate apartments, there was a Quarterley meeting held close by & all the Children attended the meeting twice a weak; & every first day  in the afternoon, all of the schollars, Teachers, Superintendents & family met for to worship the Lord of hosts, & many a refreshing schower in those tender years, like the springing up of grass, did we receive from the river of God, that makes his Children shout & praise, him that is worthy forever more.  We had exelent teachers, & caretaker, nourishing fathers & mothers, & I have oftimes had through my pilgramage to bless & praise, the God of my fathers Abraham Isaac & jacob, that I ever was united to this good family.  I took down all the names of my dear fellows, & schoolmaster they were comin in & gowing out nearly all of the time, so thou may see I had a great many names.  But I have had thousand of times to marvel & wondre, that I have not met with them more that I have, in this vail of tears, I cant make up with on half of a dozen I ever met, but I keep hearing of the deaths of one schollar after another, & teacher after teacher, & superintendents, & parts of the family, so that it is verry rare that two of us ever meet, since the day that we left each other at the school; but it is my hearty prayers that we may meet, On the other side of Jourdan, In the sweet fields of Eden, Where the tree of Life is ever blooming, there will be rest for you.

         And now as I was about to leave the school, my kind friends, that I had made acquaintence with & was about to leave behind, was kind enough to give me, to take home to my friends, & relatives, & acquaintances, the following surtificate or recommend, namely --

This may inform the friends & relatives of the bearer, Wing Rogers, who has spent a year & a half in the Boarding School at Ninepartners, that whilst here he has been particularly careful to observe the regulations & rules of the school, kind & obliging in his disposition, by which he has gained the esteem not only of the schollars, but teacher, superintendents & family.

                           Wahington 7^th.month, 28^th --1820

                           Andrew Cumstock)

                           Enoch Haight        )   Teachers

         Reuben Hows -- Superintendent

I fully approve of the above, & think he well deserves it.

                           James Congdon, Jr. -- Late Teacher

 

         Well kind friend, after getting the above, & setling all accounts most cordially with those new made friends, & my heart filled with sorrowe for having to leave them, never to meat again on this earthly ball, I bid them adieu, & as I have said above, it seamed as if I was conscious of it for my youthfull heart felt pangs that is not easy to describe.  Meet, thought I, no we shurely never shall meet again on the shores of time, whilst the tears flowed down my cheaks like rain, & also every marks of love on the part of those left behind.

I also returned home to Canada, much like the gowing out to Ninepartners, only in the heat of summer, which was very fortiguing in the extreme, where I found my old friends & acquaintances, mostly well, but a few had gone the way of all the earth, which caused verry serious reflections to pass over my troubled soul, the great hardship of mind & trouble, & the great chang from being to school, & gowing imediately into toil beyond my strengthas like to of caused my frail bark to of foundered in the deep, -- but the Lord my pilot suffered no harm to befall me; he stood beside me & suffered none of these things to harm me, & I still will praise his holy name forever & ever.  Oh let us remember he leads the blind in a way they know not, & always for short-sighted mans good, & so it was with me, & let me sing with the sweet poet -- Should earth against my soul engage, And firey darts around me be hurled, Then I'll smile at satens rage, and face a frowning world.

And now a year or more had passed & I began to think of setting myself for life, & in this solemn undertaking I greatly craved to be guided by Gods holy spirit, & to find a helpmeet that would go with me not only through this vail of tears but up to that Glorius City whose builder & maker is God, -- being well a ware that there is an eye that never slumbers nor sleeps, & he takes recognizance of all that man doeth, & he can bless or he can blast all of our fair prospects & endeavers.  Again I say that I humbly asked & craved as in the dust ashes, that the great pilot would direct my little bark into the true haven of rest, for how can two travel one road unless they be agree, & I thought that our eternal bliss or misery much depended on our choice in taking a companion to travel with, through lifes chequard scene, & I still think the same, or rather I might say more than that. I know a good deal about it, & have sean & heard abundance, of the sad effects of two being unequally yoked together; just think, one pulling for the hapy land of eternal rest, & the other for the bitter lamentations of woe. Oh how many dear wimin have been draged down to lamentation & sorrowe, & also how many husbands by the wife, although she being the weaker vessel hath cried like Delila did to Samson until she had slain him, & whool families lost by the influence of a wicked father or a tender indulgent mother, in all things pertaining to the world.  But lacking the true riches that will purchase the eyesalve that they may anoint their with & see, or lack the true gold that hath  been tried in Gods furnace which is in Jerusalam, or tried on his altar that is in Zion -- oh how many are content with half measures like Annanais & Safira his wife, & dyed, in truth & reality (P.12) in Gods holy sight the same as they did, by indulging in sins & follyes, which must all be punished in eternity; but thousands being down upon their heads, even in this world, the heavy stroke of Gods wrath, by not being obedient to that teacher that cannot be remooved into a corner, & I can say with the sweet psalmist, Once I was young but now I am old, but I never saw the righteous forsaken, nor his seed begging bread.

So I besought him aright to direct me in this great undertaking, & I thought he did, & I came to James Hugheses place, in the township of Uxbridge, the family all being friends, & respectable people, & good neighbours, & having a high recommend of their daughters.  I chose the eldest, which was lacking three years only of my own age, we communed on the subject of marriage, & of many other things pertaing to the Celestial City, &c, &c, & believing each others love to be true, & true to each other, & to our God, we joined hands in hand, in Wedlock bands in the years 1822, & we were hapy, carefully attending to all of the outward ordinances of the Lord.  We began poor, as to the outward circumstances as it would be called by people in these days, worked hard, late and early, & after many years the dear Lord blesd us with a goodly heritage, & plenty, both in house & out doors, with many thanks to him that had compasion on us, as on the fishermen of old times, after their toiling all night, praise ye his holy name.  But I am truly thankfull now, since I have always tried to fill my seat in his house of prayer, & let no wordly business prevent me, & I do believe that I tried with all of my little strength & might to do what was right in his holy sight, to train those tender lambs commited to my charge, for Christ my dear Lord, let others say what they may, I know & abundantly confess that I am but a poor arring worm of the dust, & can say with the poor Publican, smiting his fist on his breast, God be merciful to me a sinner.  Yea, I have lived to see Gods blessings on my Children, both temporal & spiritual, praise ye his holy name; & he blessed us with 8 Children, whose names are -- Robert, Anna, Elihu, Hannah, Harriette, Peninah, Clarkson, & James,; 4 sons & 4 daughters, & all of them proper Children, that is with thanks be to God, had their natural shapes, & abilities, praise his holy name. 

Again I say, that I study brevity, but I must tell a little about our mooving, in the forepart of our lives, & a few of the hard ships & difficulties that we had to encounter in those days that are past and gone, in setling in a new Country, on entirely new places in the wilderness, &c.  In common cases, I never did approove of much mooving, but we seamed in those days & circumstances to be almost compelled to moove oftener than we wanted to. We first setled after being maried, on a hundred acres of land gave to me by my dear father, lying on Duffinses Creek, there our first child Robert was born; we had sickness & some little losses & disapointments, so after being there about two years, we moved to Uxbridge, there we lived about four years, & there I had a cancer & suffered very much with that & in doctoring it, which lasted one long year, & so severe was the time with me that I despared of my life, & so did all of my dear neighbours around us, but with many thanks to my dear Lord & master, he saw fit to restore me again to my little family, praise ye the Lord.  So in this place our eldest daughter Anna was born & our seckond son Elihu, & after doing abundance of hard laborious work, for the time, about four years, & suffering much, we mooved to Pickering, to my fathers, to take care of his house, farm, Children, stock & all they had, whilst father & mother went on a long journey to Virginnia, to see my brother Timothy, & this was in the year 1821.  Also they made a verry memorable visit to my dear stepmothers friends & relatives in the state of Newjersey, which prooved to be the last visit they ever made in these parts; & we lived there several months, untill they returned home, all in much harmony, & good understanding, friendship & love.  And soon after, we mooved up to the Kingston, & Toronto Road, & there I took a school, & there we lived for about four years on a little place, near to where the yearley meeting is now granted to the society of friends, in Canada, & there our daughter Hannah was born.  I had tried weaving, & severel small businesses, but I thought none of these occupations to be equal to farming -- but I was poor, & if I would be a farmer, I must go into the woods again.

Then in the year 1832 we mooved to the place that we now live on, in the 6^th.Co., of Pickering, where we have lived 34 years, & here -- Harriette, Peninneh, Clarkson & James was born, & I do bless & praise the God of Abraham Isaac & Jacob who hath also blessed us with many good things, both temporal & spiritual, praise his holy name, saith my soul.  And  I have it on my mind to relate a few of the many inconveniences, hardships difficulties & trial, that nearly all have to encounter, that setle with it, in a howling wilderness, before it can be brought to Cultivation & a fruitful field.  In the first place the pioneer has oftimes to make a yoke of oxen, sled or cart, with an axe in hand, & cut his road as he gows, & run over logs bushes, & through brooks creeks & swamps & over hills & dales until with much dangers & difficulties he arives at the much desired spot, then he gows to cutting down the trees to make the shanty, or log house, and before he is half ready, perhaps to raise his building, a few hardy sons of industry & toil, come with a shout that will make the forest ring, & raise the rustic log building; and now before it is half finished his wife & children have to moove into this new abode, run the risk of geting sick, or geting their deaths, in many ways.  On one occasion after I had mooved into a forest wild, near to my newly dwelling, stood a large tree that leaned over the house, & one verry tempestious & windy night, that tree kept us awake & in much distress, when the blast or gale, took that as well as all of the forest about us; the trees bowed as if they must fall, & indeed many did, but that one, swung over & over our helpless heads untill daylight came; & perhaps I was never gladder to see daylight for then I soon got my axe & laid it bellowing on the ground, but let me tell thee, oh dear freindly reader, that trees do often fall on the new buildings, & sometimes do much damage to the new setler, & cripple people & tak life.

And again when pleasant spring has come, the poor mans cows have to be turned out in the woods to seek their own living or starve, & commonly he will get them & commonly he will get them until the Calf is weaned, but I allways had to build a pen to put the Calves in, & then bring baswood bushes leaves & all for them to eat which made a great deal of work, wither for male or female to do, but with those leaves & a little milk we used to raise verry good calves.  But perhaps by the time min-summer had come the Cows would grow careless & lay out, & after the poor man had hunted & searched many days until he was discouraged, he would let them go, & they would soon dry up, & do him no more good that year; & he would be obliged to go out to work for a little butter bread & meat & also he would work for groceries & store pay, &c.&c.  And before I got a yoke of oxen, I had to change work, that is give three days work for men & one for oxen, & in those days I done all of my chopping alone, but in logging I had to give four days work for every one that I got back again, & then after that I did get oxen.  They would stray off like the cows, & a man might look peradventure a weak & not find them when he most  needed them.  Our mills, oftimes, would be a great distance from us, a good deal of the milling was performed by a boy or a little girl, taking a horse with a bushel or two on his back, & some stong men, if it was known, to cary there little grist on their shoulder to mill.  Others drew a few bushels on a sled or a crotched stick, with a yoke of oxen in the summer on the bare ground, &c.&c.  These are some of the stiff currants & tides that the new setler oftimes hath to steer his little bark through, or founder in the storm (or in other words) he must be courageous, or he would live & die in poverty, but thousands get well off & many get rich with these small beginnings, forindustry & economy is the way to wealth.  But I cannot tell of much wealth, neither did I seek it, but my gracious Lord hath given me enough, & I have retired, from seeking wealth & wordly pleasure & gain these many years, just at the period that the worling commences to be ap up gold, the rust of the which we read, " will be a witness against him", that is, "if a man knoweth his masters will & doith it not, he must be beaten with many stripes" -- I most shurly do believe, that there is hundreds of thousands in this respect, doing as the poet tells us, namely, I have shed his preshus blood, & trampled on the son of God.  But to go on with my story, I do consider all of my worly substance only lent to me from the Lord, & after he enabled my to get my wilderness farm cleared up & well fenced, woods & all, & a large orchard baring abundance of fruit, & I had been to great expence to build barns houses & outhouses, & the farm well stocked &c, to make my wife & family comfortable, & to leave them in easy circumstances, I set out to spend most of my life of pilgrimage -- seeking the fair land of Caanean, oh how my sould panteth for thee. 

On the other side of Jourdan, In the sweet field of Eden.

Where the tree of life is ever blooming, There will be rest for you.  I said so much with the sweet poet, & a little more again -- I will march up the heavenly street, & ground my arms at Jesus feet--For the Captain of my souls salvation had given me a charge to keep, a heaven to gain, & a hell to shun; & I was constrained to use the language of another sweet singer, that sang the Lords song, saying --

Should earth against my soul engage, & fiery darts around me be hurled, Then I will smile at satens rage, & face a frowning world.  Should cares like a wild delug round me fall, May I but safely reach my home, My god my heaven & my all, There will I bathe my weary soul, In seas of heavenly rest, And not a wave of sorrowe roll across my peaceful breast.

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The First Eight Generations of Hughes Families in Our Line on the American Continent

 

The members of each of the families of the first eight generations of our Hughes ancesters are listed on the following pages.

 

______Name                                   _____________Pages_____

 

John Hugh, Immigrant                                                         97-98

 

Ellis Hugh, Immigrant                                                          99

 

John Hughes, First Born in America                                  100

 

George Hughes, Pennsylvania Native                                101

 

James Hughes, Emigrant to Canada                                  102

 

George Hughes, Pennsylvania to Iowa via Canada           103-104

 

Edwin Hughes, Canada, Iowa, and Kansas                        105

 

John W. Hughes, Iowa to Washington via Montana          106

 

 

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John Hugh, Immigrant, 1653 - 1736

 

  FATHER: John (Hugh) Hughes                                                      

           bir: 10 Jan 1653                             Merionethshire, Wales

          mar: EST 1680                                Merionethshire, Wales

          mar: BEF 1702                                Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

          mar: 12 Feb 1717                            Upper Radnor Mtg, Phil., PA

          dea: 10 Oct 1736                            Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

          bur: ABT 13 Oct 1736                     Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

      Father: Cadwalader Hugh                                                         

     Mother: Gwen William                                                               

Other wives:                                               

        1702: Eleanor (Ellen) ( Ellin) Ellis                                             

        1717: Ellin William                                                                

MOTHER: Martha Caimot                                                              

           bir: 1653                                        Wales

          mar: EST 1680                                Merionethshire, Wales

          dea: BEF 1702                                Est.Enroute-Immigration Voyage

      Father:                                                                                     

     Mother:                                                                                     

 CHILDREN

  1 | Name:    Jane Hugh                                                                  

  F  |      bir:    1683                                    Merionethshire, Wales

     |     dea:    1772                                    Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

2 | Name:    Rowland Hugh                                                            

  M |      bir:    1685                                    Merionethshire, Wales

     |     dea:    31 May 1752                        Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

3 | Name:    Ellis (Hugh) Hughes                                                     

  M |      bir:    1687                                    Merionethshire, Wales

     |     dea:    11 Mar 1764                         Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

     |     bur:    ABT 14 Mar 1764                 Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

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John Hugh, Immigrant, 1653 - 1736

 

  FATHER: John (Hugh) Hughes                                                      

           bir: 10 Jan 1653                             Merionethshire, Wales

          mar: EST 1680                                Merionethshire, Wales

          mar: BEF 1702                                Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

          mar: 12 Feb 1717                            Upper Radnor Mtg, Phil., PA

          dea: 10 Oct 1736                            Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

          bur: ABT 13 Oct 1736                     Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

      Father: Cadwalader Hugh.);                                                          

     Mother: Gwen William.);                                                               

Other wives:                                               

        1680: Martha Caimot                                                              

        1717: Ellin Williams.);                                                                

MOTHER: Eleanor (Ellen) ( Ellin) Ellis                                             

           bir: EST 1670                                Merionethshire, Wales

          mar: BEF 1702                                Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

          dea: AFT 1704                               Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

      Father:                                                                                     

     Mother:                                                                                     

 CHILDREN

  1 | Name:    Margaret (Mary) Hugh                                                 

  F  |      bir:    1702                                    Philadelphia, Gwynedd, PA

2 | Name:    Gainor Hugh.);                                                               

  F  |      bir:    1704                                    Philadelphia, Gwynedd, PA

     |     dea:                                               

 ====================================================================================

 

Ellis Hugh, Immigrant, 1687 - 1764

 

  FATHER: Ellis (Hugh) Hughes                                                       

           bir: 1687                                       Merionethshire, Wales

          mar: 5 Aug 1713                             Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

          dea: 11 Mar 1764                            Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

          bur: ABT 14 Mar 1764                    Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

      Father: John (Hugh) Hughes                                                      

     Mother: Martha Caimot                                                              

MOTHER: Jane Foulke                                                                  

           bir: 10 Nov 1684                           Merionethshire, Wales

          mar: 5 Aug 1713                             Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

          dea: 07 Aug 1766                            Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

          bur: ABT 10 Aug 1766                    Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

      Father: Edward F Foulke                                                           

     Mother: Eleanor (Ellin) Hugh                                                       

 CHILDREN

  1 | Name:    John Hughes                                                               

  M |      bir:    19 Mar 1714                         Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

     |     dea:    01 Mar 1764                         Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

     |     bur:    ABT 4 Mar 1764                   Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

2 | Name:    William Hughes                                                           

  M |      bir:    16 Dec 1716                         Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

     |     dea:    1776                                    Catawissa, Columbia, PA

     |     bur:    1776                                    Catawissa, Columbia, PA

3 | Name:    Miss Hughes.);                                                               

  F  |      bir:    20 Dec 1717                         Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

     |     dea:                                               

4 | Name:    Rowland Hughes.);                                                         

  M |      bir:    11 May 1720                        Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

     |     dea:                                               

5 | Name:    Samuel Hughes                                                           

  M |      bir:    10 Mar 1722                         Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

     |     dea:    1796                                    

6 | Name:    Edward Hughes.);                                                           

  M |      bir:    26 Feb 1724                         Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

     |     dea:                                               Oley Valley, Berks, PA

7 | Name:    Margaret Hughes.);                                                         

  F  |      bir:    14 Feb 1726                         Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

     |     dea:                                               

 

==================================================================================== 

John Hughes, First Born in America, 1714 - 1764

 

  FATHER: John Hughes                                                                 

           bir: 19 Mar 1714                            Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

          mar: Nov 1742                                Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

          dea: 01 Mar 1764                            Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

          bur: ABT 4 Mar 1764                      Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

      Father: Ellis (Hugh) Hughes                                                       

     Mother: Jane Foulke                                                                  

MOTHER: Hannah Boone                                                               

           bir: 20 Sep 1718                            Gwynedd, Philadelphia, PA

          mar: Nov 1742                                Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

          dea: 08 Jul 1746                             Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

          bur: ABT 11 Jul 1746                      Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

      Father: George Boone the 4rth                                                   

     Mother: Deborah Howell                                                            

 CHILDREN

  1 | Name:    George Hughes                                                           

  M |      bir:    21 Sep 1743                         Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

     |     dea:    18 Aug 1795                         Catawissa, Columbia, PA

     |     bur:    ABT 21 Aug 1795                 Catawissa, Columbia, PA

2 | Name:    Jane Hughes.);                                                               

  F  |      bir:    22 Dec 1745                         Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

     |     dea:                                                  Kentucky

==================================================================================== 

George Hughes, Pennsylvania Native, 1743 - 1795

 

  FATHER: George Hughes                                                             

           bir: 21 Sep 1743                            Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

          mar: 10 Oct 1765                            Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

          dea: 18 Aug 1795                            Catawissa, Columbia, PA

          bur: ABT 21 Aug 1795                    Catawissa, Columbia, PA

      Father: John Hughes                                                                 

     Mother: Hannah Boone                                                               

MOTHER: Martha Boone                                                               

           bir: 30 Apr 1742                            Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

          mar: 10 Oct 1765                            Exeter, Berks, Pennsylvania

          dea: 28 May 1798                           Catawissa, Columbia, PA

          bur: ABT 31 May 1798                    Catawissa, Columbia, PA

      Father: James B Boone                                                              

     Mother: Mary Foulke                                                                 

 CHILDREN

  1 | Name:    Mary Hughes                                                              

  M |      bir:    15 Jul 1766                          Catawissa, Columbia, PA

     |     dea:    06 Oct 1784                         

2 | Name:    Hannah Hughes                                                           

  F  |      bir:    28 May 1768                        Catawissa, Columbia, PA

     |     dea:    1800                                    

3 | Name:    Martha Hughes                                                            

  F  |      bir:    1770                                    Catawissa, Columbia, PA

     |     dea:    16 Jun 1778                         

4 | Name:    Ann Hughes.);                                                                

  F  |      bir:    1772                                    Catawissa, Columbia, PA

     |     dea:                                               

5 | Name:    Rachel Hughes.);                                                            

  F  |      bir:    1774                                    Catawissa, Columbia, PA

    |     dea:                                               

6 | Name:    James Hughes[i]                                                           

  M |      bir:    9 Dec 1775                          Catawissa, Columbia, PA

     |     dea:    27 Jul 1867                          Pickering Twp, Ontario, Canada

     |     bur:    ABT 30 Jul 1867                   Frnds Orthdx,Pckrng Twp,Ontr,Cnd

7 | Name:    John Hughes.);                                                               

  M |      bir:    EST 1777                             Catawissa, Columbia, PA

     |     dea:                                               

8 | Name:    Sarah Hughes                                                              

  F  |      bir:    24 Aug 1779                         Catawissa, Columbia, PA

     |     dea:    24 Apr 1844                         Muncy Mtg., Columbia, PA

 

====================================================================================

 

James Hughes,, Emigrant to Canada, 1775 - 1867

 

  FATHER: James Hughes                                                               

           bir: 9 Dec 1775                             Catawissa, Columbia, PA

          mar: 26 Jun 1799                            Friends Mtg.,Roaring Creek, PA

          dea: 27 Jul 1867                             Pickering Twp, Ontario, Canada

          bur: ABT 30 Jul 1867                      Frnds Orthdx,Pckrng Twp,Ontr,Cnd

      Father: George Hughes                                                             

     Mother: Martha Boone                                                               

MOTHER: Martha Penrose                                                             

           bir: 6 May 1779                             , , Pennsylvania

          mar: 26 Jun 1799                            Friends Mtg.,Roaring Creek, PA

          dea: 02 Aug 1856                            Pickering Twp, Ontario, Canada

          bur: ABT 5 Aug 1856                      Frnds Orthdx,Pckrng Twp,Ontr,Cnd

      Father: Robert Penrose                                                             

     Mother: Rebecca Thomas                                                           

 CHILDREN

  1 | Name:    Rebecca Hughes                                                          

  F  |      bir:    4 Dec 1801                          Catawissa, Columbia, PA

     |     dea:    2 Nov 1888                          Pickering, Ontario, Canada

     |     bur:                                               Frnds Orthdx,Pckrng Twp,Ontr,Cnd

2 | Name:    George Hughes                                                           

  M |      bir:    4 Aug 1803                          Catawissa, Columbia, PA

     |     dea:    20 Jul 1885                          Salem, Henry, Iowa

     |     bur:    ABT 23 Jul 1885                   Salem, Henry, Iowa

3 | Name:    Hannah Hughes                                                           

  F  |      bir:    27 Feb 1806                         Pickering Twp., Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    28 Jul 1827                          King Twp, , Canada

4 | Name:    Lavina Hughes.);                                                            

  F  |      bir:    10 Jul 1807                          Uxbridge Twp., Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:                                               

5 | Name:    Rachel Hughes                                                            

  F  |      bir:    13 Jul 1809                          Uxbridge Twp., Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    5 Oct 1814                           ,,,Canada

6 | Name:    Robert Hughes                                                            

  M |      bir:    6 Sep 1812                           Uxbridge Twp., Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    11 Oct 1814                         Uxbridge Twp., Ontario, Canada

7 | Name:    Susannah Hughes                                                        

  F  |      bir:    28 Sep 1815                         Uxbridge Twp., Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    4 Apr 1886                           Pickering, Ontario, Canada

     |     bur:                                               Slm Cmtry,Pickring Twp,Ontrio,Cnd

 ====================================================================================

 

George Hughes, PA to Iowa via Canada, 1803 - 1885

 

  FATHER: George Hughes                                                             

           bir: 4 Aug 1803                             Catawissa, Columbia, PA

          mar: 4 Apr 1825                              Pickering, Ontario, Canada

          dea: 20 Jul 1885                             Salem, Henry, Iowa

          bur: ABT 23 Jul 1885                      Salem, Henry, Iowa

      Father: James Hughes                                                               

     Mother: Martha Penrose                                                             

MOTHER: Rachel Taylor                                                               

           bir: 1 Nov 1809                             Pickering Twp., Ontario, Canada

          mar: 4 Apr 1825                              Pickering, Ontario, Canada

          dea: 12 May 1906                           Salem, Henry, Iowa

          bur: ABT 15 May 1906                    Salem, Henry, Iowa

      Father: David Taylor                                                                 

     Mother: Elizabeth (Maiden Name?)                                              

 CHILDREN

  1 | Name:    Edwin Hughes                                                             

  M |      bir:    14 Nov 1826                        Uxbridge Twp., Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    18 Dec 1908                         Oketo, Marshall, Kansas

     |     bur:    ABT 21 Dec 1908                 Seneca, Nemeha, Kansas

2 | Name:    Lavina Hughes                                                            

  F  |      bir:    17 Jan 1829                          Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    16 Aug 1913                         Glendale, Los Angeles, CA

     |     bur:    ABT 22 Aug 1913                 Marshalltown, Marshall, Iowa

3 | Name:    Angeline Erwin (Angie) Hughes                                     

  F  |      bir:    31 Mar 1831                         Pickering, Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    15 Jan 1896                          Salem, Henry, Iowa

     |     bur:    EST 18 Jan 1896                  Salem, Henry, Iowa

4 | Name:    Elma Hughes                                                               

  F  |      bir:    12 Nov 1833                        Pickering, Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    5 Jun 1917                           N Dorchester, Middlesex, O, Ca

     |     bur:    08 Jun 1917                         Dorchestr Union,Mdlsx,O,Canada

5 | Name:    Martha (Mattie) J. Hughes. (1835-1925);                                            

  F  |      bir:    22 Sep 1835                         Uxbridge Twp., Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    05 Dec 1925                         Pasadena, Los Angeles, CA

6 | Name:    Elizabeth Hughes                                                         

  F  |      bir:    20 Sep 1837                         Pickering, Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    AFT 1920                            (Toronto), Ontario

7 | Name:    Jarad Hughes                                                              

  M |      bir:    04 Oct 1839                         Uxbridge Twp., Ontario, Canada

     |     bur:    08 Feb 1921                         Des Moine, Polk, Iowa

     |     dea:    Feb 1921                              Des Moines, Polk, Iowa

8 | Name:    Charles Hughes                                                           

  M |      bir:    29 Dec 1841                         Pickering, Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    06 Jan 1927                          Pasadena, Los Angeles, CA

9 | Name:    Joseph Anthony Hughes                                               

  M |      bir:    08 Sep 1843                         Pickering, Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    14 Dec 1920                         Indiana or Texas

10            | Name:                                                      Mary Hughes          

  F  |      bir:    Apr 1845                              Uxbridge Twp., Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    14 May 1923                        Lafayette, Indiana (?)

11            | Name:                                                   Sarah J Hughes          

  F  |      bir:    3 Mar 1847                          Uxbridge Twp., Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    ABT 1926                            Jacksonville, Duval, Florida

12            | Name:                                          Anna (Agnes) Hughes          

  F  |      bir:    20 Dec 1848                         Pickering, Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    16 Sep 1925                         Pasadena, Los Angeles, CA

     |     bur:    19 Sep 1925                         Mt. View Cemetary, Pasadena,CA

13            | Name:                                             John Alfred Hughes          

  M |      bir:    20 Jul 1850                          Pickering, Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    12 Oct 1932                         Menan, Jefferson, Idaho

     |     bur:    17 Oct 1932                         Menan, Jefferson, Idaho

14            | Name:                                   Harriet ("Hattie") R Hughes          

  F  |      bir:    10 Oct 1852                         Pickering, Ontario, Canada

     |     dea:    ABT 1912                            New York (?)

15            | Name:                        Thomas Clarkson ("T.C.") Hughes          

  M |      bir:    08 Oct 1854                         , Cedar, Iowa

     |     dea:    ABT 1912                            Pasadena, CA (?)

 ==================================================================================== 

Edwin Hughes, Canada, Iowa, and Kansas  1826 - 1908

 

  FATHER: Edwin Hughes                                                               

           bir: 14 Nov 1826                           Uxbridge Twp., Ontario, Canada

          mar: 19 Oct 1848                            Pickering Twp., Ontario, Canada

          dea: 18 Dec 1908                            Oketo, Marshall, Kansas

          bur: ABT 21 Dec 1908                    Seneca, Nemeha, Kansas

      Father: George Hughes                                                             

     Mother: Rachel Taylor                                                               

MOTHER: Mary Sadler                                                                  

           bir: 16 Apr 1829                            Goathland, Yorkshire, England

          mar: 19 Oct 1848                            Pickering Twp., Ontario, Canada

          dea: 5 Jan 1910                              Seneca, Nemeha, Kansas

          bur: ABT 08 Jan 1910                     Seneca, Nemaha, Kansas

      Father: John Sadler                                                                   

     Mother: Jane Pierson                                                                 

 CHILDREN

  1 | Name:    Martha Ann ("Mattie") Hughes                                      

  F  |      bir:    12 Jun 1850                         Pickring Twp,Ontrio Co,Ontrio,Cnd

     |     dea:    27 Jun 1933                         Pasadena, Los Angeles, CA

2 | Name:    William Milton Hughes                                                 

  M |      bir:    18 Feb 1852                         Pickring Twp,Ontrio Co,Ontrio,Cnd

     |     dea:    31 Mar 1863                         , Poweshiek, Iowa

3 | Name:    John Wesley Hughes                                                    

  M |      bir:    9 Oct 1853                           West Liberty, Muscatine, Iowa

     |     dea:    30 Jul 1912                          Sumas, Whatcom, Washington

     |     bur:    1 Aug 1912                          Sumas, Whatcom, Washington

4 | Name:    Charlotte ("Lottie") E Hughes.);                                        

  F  |      bir:    9 Jan 1857                           West Liberty, Muscatine, Iowa

     |     dea:                                               

5 | Name:    Edgar Pearson Hughes                                                 

  M |      bir:    19 Dec 1858                         West Liberty, Muscatine, Iowa

     |     dea:    14 Sep 1935                         Bartow, Polk, Florida

     |     bur:    14 Sep 1935                         (Lakeland), Polk, Florida

6 | Name:    Charles Arthur Hughes                                                 

  M |      bir:    5 May 1865                          West Liberty, Muscatine, Iowa

     |     dea:    26 Oct 1939                         Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

====================================================================================

J.W. Hughes, Iowa to WA via Montana,  1853 - 1912

 

  FATHER: John Wesley Hughes                                                      

           bir: 9 Oct 1853                              West Liberty, Muscatine, Iowa

          mar: 10 Feb 1872                            , , Poweshiek, Iowa

          dea: 30 Jul 1912                             Sumas, Whatcom, Washington

          bur: 1 Aug 1912                             Sumas, Whatcom, Washington

      Father: Edwin Hughes                                                               

     Mother: Mary Sadler                                                                  

MOTHER: Sarah Ellen Vincent                                                        

           bir: 2 Jun 1855                              Altoona, Blair, Pennsylvania

          mar: 10 Feb 1872                            , , Poweshiek, Iowa

          dea: 16 Sep 1922                            Bellingham, Whatcom, Washington

          bur: ABT 19 Sep 1922                     Sumas, Whatcom, Washington

      Father: Joshua J Vincent.);                                                           

     Mother: Sarah Erhardt (?)                                                           

 CHILDREN

  1 | Name:    Edwin Vincent Hughes                                                 

  M |      bir:    15 Nov 1872                        Searsboro, Poweshiek, Iowa

     |     bur:    1904                                    McAllister, Madison, Montana

     |     dea:    26 Apr 1908                         Norris, Madison, Montana

2 | Name:    William Milton ("Old Bill") Hughes                                 

  M |      bir:    20 Feb 1874                         Searsboro, Poweshiek, Iowa

     |     dea:    30 Apr 1972                         Harrison, Madison, Montana

     |     bur:    ABT 3 May 1972                  McAllister, Madison, Montana

3 | Name:    Ira Hughes                                                                  

  M |      bir:    2 Oct 1876                           Searsboro, Poweshiek, Iowa

     |     dea:    4 Jul 1927                            Sumas, Whatcom, Washington

     |     bur:                                               Sumas, Whatcom, Washington

4 | Name:    Roy Marcus Hughes                                                    

  M |      bir:    22 Jul 1878                          Searsboro, Poweshiek, Iowa

     |     dea:    9 Apr 1956                           Sumas, Whatcom, Washington

     |     bur:                                               Sumas, Whatcom, Washington

5 | Name:    Martha (Mattie) Almira Hughes                                     

  F  |      bir:    12 May 1881                        New Sharon, Mahaska, Iowa

     |     dea:    7 Feb 1949                           Bellingham, Whatcom, Washington

6 | Name:    Thomas Sievers (TS) Hughes                                       

  M |      bir:    15 May 1884                        Searsboro, Poweshiek, Iowa

     |     dea:    28 Apr 1964                         McAllister, Madison, Montana

     |     bur:    ABT 1 May 1964                  McAllister, Madison, Montana

7 | Name:    Lora May Hughes                                                        

  F  |      bir:    17 Jan 1891                          Searsboro, Poweshiek, Iowa

     |     dea:    17 Mar 1990                         Sumas, Whatcom, Washington

8 | Name:    ("Aunt") Ina Hughes                                                    

  F  |      bir:    14 Mar 1893                         Seneca, Nemaha, Kansas

     |     dea:    27 Jan 1986                          Bellingham, Whatcom, Washington

                  |        bur:                       Green Acres, Memorial Park

               =====================================================================================

 

The Descendants of John Wesley and Sarah (Vincent) Hughes

     John and Sarah Hughes have about 350 direct living descendants.  Including spouses, the number is in excess of 550.  The oldest is (fittingly) John Wesley Hughes, who was born in 1906 and lives in Harrison, Montana.  The youngest is Emmalee Ruth King, born on July 8, 1998. 0

     There are more than 150 sixth generation descendants of John and Sarah, and about a dozen seventh generation descendants.  Some may be disturbed that only about a dozen of the 160-plus sixth and seventh generation descendants are boys with the surname of Hughes.

     More than 90 percent of John and Sarah Hughes's descendants live in Washington, Oregon, Utah, and Montana.  The rest are scattered, a few each in Canada and thirteen states, including Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Idaho, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

1. John Wesley Hughes (1853-1912) m. Sarah Ellen Vincent (1855-1922)

_____________________________

1.1 Edwin Vincent Hughes (1872-1908)

_____________________________

1.2 William Milton ("Old Bill") Hughes (1874-1972) m. Bessie Lucinda Clark (EST 1885-1923)

1.2.1 John Wesley Hughes (1906- ) m. Mildred Wingate (1907-1998)

1.2.1.1 Raymond Hughes (1928-1943)

1.2.1.2 Donald Osborne Hughes (1930- ) m. Lillian Kathleen Brandal (1935- )

1.2.1.2.1 Jennifer Diane Hughes (1955- ) m. Alwin Douglas Anderson (1950- )

1.2.1.2.1.1  Heather Marie Anderson (1982- )

1.2.1.2.2 Donald Jeffry Hughes (1956- ) m. Karen Lynn Hobbs (EST 1953- )

1.2.1.2.2.1 Michael Jeffry Hughes (1978- )

1.2.1.3 Lois Jean Hughes (1932- ) m. Louis Wayne Sikkenga ( - )

1.2.1.3.1 Shirley Jean Sikkenga (1952- ) m. Allen Webster (EST 1950- )

1.2.1.3.1.1 Rhannon Marie Webster (1978- ) m. Mr. Crawford (EST 1975- )

1.2.1.3.1.1.1 Katelynn Marie Crawford (1997- )

1.2.1.3.1.2 Shannon Jean Webster (1981- )

1.2.1.3.2 John Raymond Sikkenga (1954- ) m. Sheila Auson ( - )

1.2.1.3.2.1 Jeremy Walter Sikkenga (1978- )

1.2.1.3.2.2 Nathan Glen Sikkenga (1980- )

1.2.1.3.2.3 Wesley Lee Sikkenga (1984- )

1.2.1.3.3 Kathryn Ann Sikkenga (Balke) (1956- ) m. John C. Holland ( - )

1.2.1.3.3.1 Tamson May Holland (1980- )

1.2.1.3.4 Beverly Lynn Sikkenga (1958- ) m. Greig Johnston (EST 1955- )

1.2.1.3.4.1 Joshua Johnston (1978- )

1.2.1.3 Lois Jean Hughes (1932- ) 2nd m. James Edward Balke (EST 1930- )

1.2.1.3.1 Robert James Balke (1966- ) m. Cody Bryson (EST 1966- )

1.2.1.3.1.1 Colton James Balke (1997- )

1.2.2 William Raymond ("Young Bill") Hughes (1908-1973)  m.Georgia Flora Thompson (1909-1973)

1.2.2.1 William Milton Hughes (1927- ) m. Lois Margaret Cottier (1929- )

1.2.2.1.1 William Michael Hughes (1949- ) m. Becky Smalley (1948- )

1.2.2.1.1.1 William Nolan Hughes (1972- ) m. Heather McCartney ( - )

1.2.2.1.1.2 Kristal Rae Hughes (1972- ) m. Harry Goodwin ( - )

1.2.2.1.1.2.1 Laurel Goodwin (1998)

1.2.2.1.1.2.2 Preston Goodwin (2000)

1.2.2.1.1.3 Brandon Hughes (1976- )

1.2.2.1.2 Georgia Lee Hughes (1950- ) m. Joseph Edward Hottendorf (1949-EST 1975)

1.2.2.1.2.1 Brett Hottendorf (1970- ) m. (Mrs Brett Hottendorf) (Maiden Name??) (EST 1972- )

1.2.2.1.2.1.1 Haydn Hottendorf (EST 1993- )

1.2.2.1.2.1.2 Nolan Hottendorf (EST 1995- )

1.2.2.1.2.2 Stephanie Ann Hottendorf (1972- ) m. Mr. ForthunForthunMr. ( - )

1.2.2.1.2 Georgia Lee Hughes (1950- ) 2nd m. Lyle Posey (EST 1950- )

1.2.2.1.2.1 Elizabeth Posey (1981- )

1.2.2.1.3 Marie Marlene Hughes (1952- ) m. Mr. Allen ( - )

1.2.2.1.3 Marie Marlene Hughes (1952- ) 2nd m. Greg Posey (EST 1952- )

1.2.2.1.3.1 Scott Posey (1977- )

1.2.2.1.3.2 Erica (Erika?) Posey (1979- )

1.2.2.1.4 Robert Lloyd Hughes (1953- ) m. Lynda Ellen Lynam (1953- )

1.2.2.1.4.1 Petra Shirelle Hughes (1971- )

1.2.2.1.4.2 Joshua Hughes (1974- )

1.2.2.1.5 Raymond Curtis Hughes (1957- ) m. Mary Barnett (1953- )

1.2.2.1.5.1 John Wesley Hughes ( - )

1.2.2.1.5.2 Paula Renae (Rene?) Hughes (1980- ) m. Mr. Garrison (EST 1975- )

1.2.2.1.5.2.1 Kayla Garrison (1996- )

1.2.2.1.5.3 Kimberly Marie Hughes (1985- )

1.2.2.1.5 Raymond Curtis Hughes (1957- ) 2nd m. Dana Styger ( - )

1.2.2.1.5.1 John Wesley Hughes (1993- )

1.2.2.2 Shirley Vey Hughes (1929- ) m. Albert J. Franz (1921- )

1.2.2.2.1 Virginia Ann Franz (1946- ) m. Walter Erickson (1942- )

1.2.2.2.1.1 Roy Erickson (1968- ) m Daniel (Maiden Name??) ( - )

1.2.2.2.1.1.1 Jonathan Erickson (1993- )

1.2.2.2.1.1.2 Jake Erickson (1994- )

1.2.2.2.1.2 Dawn Erickson (1972- ) m. William Leaven ( - )

1.2.2.2.1.2.1 Anthony Leaven (1993- )

1.2.2.2.1.3 Diana Erickson (1972- ) m. William Mathews ( - )

1.2.2.2.1.3.1 Courtney Mathews (1993- )

1.2.2.2.1.3.2 Calton Mathews (1996- )

1.2.2.2.1.4 Kirsten Erickson (1974- )

1.2.2.2.2 Arthur William Franz (1947- ) m. Sandra Kaye Kuhuski (1948- )

1.2.2.2.2.1 Scott Franz (1966- ) m. Theresa Maiden Name? ( - )

1.2.2.2.2.1.1 Corey (??) Franz (1985- )

1.2.2.2.2.1.2 Morgan Franz (1989- )

1.2.2.2.2.2 Jason Franz (1970- )

1.2.2.3  Marlene Marie Hughes (1931- ) m. Leland (Lee) Groves (EST 1930- )

1.2.2.3.1 Marvin Groves (1955- )

1.2.2.3.2 Galvin Groves (1957- )

1.2.2.3.3 Michael Groves (1963- ) m. Theresa (Maiden Name?)

1.2.2.3.4 Allen Dean Groves (1966- ) ( - )

1.2.2.4 Harry Byron Hughes (1934- ) m. Janice (Joan?) Roth (1935- )

1.2.2.4.1 Alayne Day Hughes (1954- ) m. Douglas Niemi (1951- )

1.2.2.4.1.1 Dustin Alexander Niemi (1978- )

1.2.2.4.1.2 Christopher Jordan Niemi (1980- )

1.2.2.4.2 Allen D. Hughes (1955- ) m. Debbie Spencer (EST 1955- )

1.2.2.4.2.1 Kevin Spencer Hughes (1987- )

1.2.2.4.2.1  Chelsea Diane Hughes (1988- )

1.2.2.4.2.1  Mark Allen Hughes (1989- )

1.2.2.5 Ina May Hughes (1936- ) m. Gerald Edwin (Jerry) Thorne (1930- )

1.2.2.5.1 Charles Michael Thorne (1953- ) m. Lynn Marie Hasbrouck (1957- )

1.2.2.5.1.1 Erin Lynn Thorne (1976- )

1.2.2.5.2 Gerald Dale Thorne (1955- ) m. Glenda Rae Best (1955- )

1.2.2.5.2.1 Amy Charlene Thorne (1979- )

1.2.2.5.2.2 Ryan Matthew Thorne (1982- )

1.2.2.6 Michael Albert Hughes (1941-1994) m. Sandra Sue Lowe (1944- )

1.2.2.6.1 Lori Ann Hughes (1964- ) m. Allen Eugene Roshau (1963- )

1.2.2.6.1.1 Tyler Allen Roshau (1988- )

1.2.2.6.2 Jodi Lynn Hughes (1966- ) m. Reese Clinton Rutledge (1963- )

1.2.2.6.2.1 Cory Michael Rutledge (1988- )

1.2.2.6.2.2 Garret Reese Rutledge (1990- )

1.2.2.6.2.3 Dylan (or Dillion) James Rutledge (1992- )

1.2.2.6.3 Toni Nanette Hughes (1968- ) m. David M. Salazar (1967- )

1.2.2.6.3.1 Jessica Lynn Salazar (1991- )

1.2.2.6.3.2 Rachel Ann Salazar (1993- )

1.2.2.6.3.3 Nichole Nannete Salazar (1996- )

1.2.2.7 John Alan Hughes (1949- ) m. Sharon Lee Raney (1951- )

1.2.2.7.1 Jeremy Scott Hughes (1971- ) m. Ginger Farnam (1969- )

1.2.2.7.1.1 Anthony Jay Hughes (1990- )

1.2.2.7.1.2 Katlyn Leigh (Lee) Hughes (1992- )

1.2.2.7 John Alan Hughes (1949- ) 2nd m. Debora Russell (1954- )

1.2.2.7.1 Elisha Ray Hughes (1976- )

1.2.2.7 John Alan Hughes (1949- ) 3nd m. Michele A. Bailey (1952- )

1.2.3 Ina Corinne Hughes (1911-1991) m. Hershal Byron ('Red' or 'Tommy') Thompson (1907-dec.)

1.2.3.1 Wanda Thompson (1928- ) m. Carl Alonzo Parkinson (1924- )

1.2.3.1.1 Carl David Parkinson (1948- ) m. Linda Maiden Name?? ( - )

1.2.3.1.1 Carl David Parkinson (1948- ) 2nd m. Karen Pendalton (1950- )

1.2.3.1.1.1 Mathew David Parkinson (1974- )

1.2.3.1.1.2 Andrew Davis Parkinson (1975- )

1.2.3.1.1 Carl David Parkinson (1948- ) 3rd m. Donna (Maiden Name??) (1950- )

1.2.3.1.1.1 Brian Douglas Parkinson (1975- )

1.2.3.1.2 Leslie Parkinson (1950- ) m. Kurt S. Parker (EST 1948- )

1.2.3.1.2.1 Jennifer Corinne Parker (1974- )

1.2.3.1.2.2 Lucas K. Parker  (1976- )

1.2.3.1.3 Kathleen Parkinson (1952- ) m. Gary Deland ( - )

1.2.3.1.3 Kathleen Parkinson (1952- ) 2nd m Craig Smith (1952- )

1.2.3.1.3.1 Aaron C. Smith  (1971- )

1.2.3.1.3 Kathleen Parkinson (1952- ) 3rd m. Richard Simonson (EST 1950- )

1.2.3.1.3.1 Kelly Ann Simonson (1974- )

1.2.3.1.4 Lisa Parkinson (1955- ) m. Larry Albert Jaramillo (1952- )

1.2.3.1.4.1 Kristin Jon Jaramillo (1972- )

1.2.3.1.4.2 Sarita (Sara) Ann Jaramillo (1976- )

1.2.3.1.4 Lisa Parkinson (1955- ) 2nd m. James Lee Kolstad (1951- )

1.2.3.1.4.1 Jesse Lee Kolstad (1984- )

1.2.3.2 Joycelyn Rae Thompson (1930- ) m. Lloyd Scott (1929- )

1.2.3.2.1 Lloyd Greg Scott (1952- )

1.2.3.2.2 Diane Lynn Scott (1957- )

1.2.3.2.3 Gary Lee Scott (1959- )

1.2.3.2.4 Nancy Ann Scott (1965- ) m. Mr Haynes (EST 1960- )

1.2.3.2.4.1 Dillon Scott Haynes (1990- )

1.2.3.2.4 Nancy Ann Scott (1965- ) 2nd m. Karl Larson (EST 1960- )

1.2.3.2.4.1 Ryan Larson (1997- )

1.2.3.3 Robert Benjamin Thompson (1944- )

1.2.3.4 Steven Dale Thompson (1946- ) m. Janine Jones (EST 1950- )

1.2.3.4.1 Adam Thompson (1970- ) m. Mrs. Adam Thompson (Maiden Name?) (EST 1970- )

1.2.3.4.1.1 Mica Thompson (1988- )

1.2.3.4.1.2 Irie Ernest Thompson (1992- )

1.2.3.4.1.3 Kane T. Thompson (1994- )

1.2.3.4.1.4 Gavin Thompson (1997- )

1.2.3.4.2 Nathan Thompson (1972- ) m. Mrs. Nathan Thompson (Maiden Name?) (EST 1974- )

1.2.3.4.2.1 Alexei Thompson (1992- )

1.2.3.4.2.2 Xavier Thompson (1994- )

1.2.4 Sarah Hughes (1920-1992) m. Donald Grey (EST 1925- )

1.2.4.1 Michael Grey ( -dec.)

1.2.4.2 Patricia Grey ( - )

1.2 William Milton ("Old Bill") Hughes (1874-1972) 2nd m. Addie J Reel ( -dec.)

1.2 William Milton ("Old Bill") Hughes (1874-1972) 3rd m. Carrie Templin ( -dec.)

1.3 Ira Hughes (1876-1927) m. Ada Irene Kincaid (1893-1964)

1.3.1 Mary Ellen Hughes (1911- ) m. Elton David Kincaid (1906-1985)

1.3.1.1 Dorothy Jean Kincaid (1931-1992) m. Harry Elmer Haertle (1926-1989)

1.3.1.1.1 Susan D. Haertle  ( - ) m. Mr. Thornburg ( - )

1.3.1.1.1.1 Heather Thornburg  (1974- )

1.3.1.1.2 Katherine J. Haertle  (1949- )

1.3.1.1.3 Gearold D. (Jerry) Haertle (1952- )

1.3.1.1.4 Ronald D. (Ron) Haertle (1952- )

1.3.1.1.5 Thomas D. (Tom) Haertle (1956- )

1.3.1.2 Helen June Kincaid (1932- ) m. Roy Thomas Johnson (1931- )

1.3.1.2.1 Ellen Marie Johnson (1953- ) m. Mr. PerryPerryMr. ( - )

1.3.1.2.1 Ellen Marie Johnson (1953- ) m. Kenneth G. Kendrick (1952- )

1.3.1.2.1.1 Sara Ann Kendrick (1972- ) m. Robert Amos ( - )

1.3.1.2.1.2 Daniel J. Kendrick  (1976- )

1.3.1.2.2 Michael Thomas Johnson (1954- ) m. Robyn Rose van De Hey (1960- )

1.3.1.2.2.1 Melvin R. (Rowlett) Johnson ( - )

1.3.1.2.2.2 Donna Rose (Rowlett) Johnson ( - )

1.3.1.2.2 Michael Thomas Johnson (1954- ) 2nd m. Glenda Kay Ebert (1956- )

1.3.1.2.2.1 Adam Micheal Johnson (1976- )

1.3.1.2.2 Michael Thomas Johnson (1954- ) 3rd m. Donna Jean Hendrix ( - )

1.3.1.2.2.1 Jeremiah Thomas Johnson (1984- )

1.3.1.2.3 Elton David Johnson (1959- ) m. Connie Robison (1961- )

1.3.1.2.3.1 Amy Lee Johnson (1977- )

1.3.1.2.4 Jefferson Roy Johnson (1963- )

1.3.2 Flora May Hughes (1912-1972) m. Norman Parmenter ( -dec.)

1.3.2 Flora May Hughes  (1912-1972) 2nd m. John Arledge ( -dec.)

1.3.2.1 Leslie I. Arledge (EST 1934- ) m. Freda Maiden Name? ( - )

1.3.2.1.1 Leslie Arledge, Jr.  ( - )

1.3.2.2 Pauline Arledge (EST 1936- ) m. Arthur Wooley (1919-1973)

1.3.2.2.1 Dennis Wooley  ( - ) m. Thelma Maiden name? ( - )

1.3.2.2.1.1 Theresa Wooley  ( - ) m. Joe SmithSmithJoe ( - )

1.3.2.2.1.2 Meghan Wooley ( - ) m. Eric Bishop ( - )

1.3.2.2.1.2.1 Tyler Bishop ( - )

1.3.2.2.2 Thomas Wooley ( - ) m. Miss Maidan name? ( - )

1.3.2.2.2.1 Miss Wooley ( - )

1.3.2 Flora May Hughes (1912-1972) 3rd m. Curtis Craiger ( - )

1.3.2.1 Robert Craiger (EST 1938- ) m. Alta Maiden Name? (-dec.)

1.3.2.1.1 Miss Craiger ( - )

1.3.2.2 Geraldine Craiger (EST 1940- ) m. Gerald Romane ( - )

1.3.2.2.1 Edward Romane ( - ) m. Donna Bigby ( - )

1.3.2.2.1.1 Jeremy Romane ( - ) m. Jody Maiden Name? ( - )

1.3.2.2.1.1.1 Lindsay Romane ( - )

1.3.2.2.1.1.2 Adam Romane ( - )

1.3.2.2.2 Howard Romane ( - ) m. Angela Corlett ( - )

1.3.2.2.2.1 Tommy Jo (T.J.) Romane ( - )

1.3.2.2.3 Devon Romane ( - )

1.3.2.2.4 Timothy Romane ( - ) m. Susan Brighton ( - )

1.3.2.2.4.1 Casey Romane ( - )

1.3.2.2.4.2 Stephanie Romane  ( - )

1.3.2.2.4.3 Trenton Romane  ( - )

________________________________

Additional Information, not included above, incomplete

1.3.2 Flora May Hughes  (1912-1972) m. John Arledge ( -dec.)

1.3.2 Flora May Hughes  (1912-1972) m.Curtis Craiger

1.3.2 Flora May Hughes (1912-1972) m. Norman Parmenter ( -dec.)

              Pauline _______?, m. Arthur_________

                       Dennis, m. Thelma

                                Theresa, m. Joe Smith

                                Megan m. Eric Bishop

                                         Tyler Bishop

              Leslie ________? m.Freda

                       Leslie

__________________________________________

1.3.3  Martha Almira (Mattie) Hughes (1914- ) m. Hubert Blaine Cofer (1914-1986)

1.3.3.1 Arthur Wayne Cofer  (1934- ) m. Juilie Wilde ( - )

1.3.3.1.1 Carol Cofer ( - ) m. John Holbrook ( - )

1.3.3.1.1.1 David Holbrook  ( - )

1.3.3.1.1.2 Ryan Holbrook  ( - )

1.3.3.1.1.3 Julie Janine Holbrook ( - )

1.3.3.1.2 Julie Ann Cofer ( - ) m. Paul Bain ( - )

1.3.3.2 Hubert Melvin Cofer (1934- ) m. Linda Fox ( - )

1.3.3.2.1 Gregory Scott Cofer ( - ) m. Sarah Williver ( - )

1.3.3.2.1.1 Michael Alexander Cofer (EST 1995- )

1.3.3.2.1.2 Dustin O. Cofer (1998- )

1.3.3.3 Sharon Lee Cofer (1942- ) m. Bernard Doyle ( - )

1.3.3.3.1 Richard Lee Doyle ( - ) m. Jolene Maiden Name?? ( - )

1.3.3.3.1.1 Jacob Doyle

1.3.3.3.2 Christopher Doyle ( - ) m. Tammy Maiden Name?? ( - )

1.3.3.3.2.1 Courtney Doyle

1.3.3.3.2.2 Kaley Doyle

1.3.3.3.3 Lisa Victoria Doyle  ( - ) m. Mr. Rivard ( - )

1.3.3.3.3 Lisa Victoria Doyle ( - ) m. Scott Chidestar

1.3.3.3.3.1 Kassidy Rivard ( - )

1.3.3.3.3.1.1 Cora Chidester ( - )

1.3.3.3.3.1.2 Kyle Chidester ( - )

1.3.3.4 Linda Joanne Cofer (1942- ) m. Fred Tonkin ( - )

1.3.3.4.1 Suzanne Tonkin ( - )

1.3.4  Goldie June Hughes  (1918- ) m. Al Meyers ( - )

1.3.4  Goldie June Hughes (1918- ) 2nd m. Sidney Lee Craiger ( - )

1.3.4.1  Orville Lee Craiger  ( - ) m. Marletta Babcock ( - )

1.3.4.1  Orville Lee Craiger  ( - ) 2nd m. Ann Harwick ( - )

1.3.4.2  Melvin Craiger  ( - ) Virginia (Ginny) McCauley ( - )

1.3.4.2.1 Teresa Craiger ( - ) m. Richard Stewart ( - )

1.3.4.2.1.1 Kristen Leigh Stewart ( - )

1.3.4.2.2 Rickie Craiger ( - ) m. Kay Millard ( - )

1.3.4.2.2.1 Amy Craiger ( - )

1.3.4.2.2.2 Katie Craiger ( - )

1.3.4.2.2.3 Ryan Craiger  ( - )

1.3.4.2.2.4 Nicole Craiger ( - )

1.3.4.2.3 Valarie Craiger ( - ) m. Daren Still ( - )

1.3.4.2.3.1 Candice Still ( - )

1.3.4.2.3.2 Kodi Still ( - )

1.3.4.2.3.3 Kyle Still ( - )

1.3.4.2.3.4 Dalton Still ( - )

1.3.4.2.4 Douglas Craiger ( - ) m. Amy Lambert ( - )

1.3.4.3  Rita Ann Craiger ( - )2nd  m. Clinton "Tom" Lowe ( - )

1.3.4.3  Rita Ann Craiger ( - ) 2st m. Charles Romane ( - )

1.3.4.3.1 Debbie Romane ( - ) m. Mr. Kovac. ( - )

1.3.4.3.1 Debbie Romane ( - )2nd m. Bruce Wilson ( - )

1.3.4.3.1.1 Terry Wilson ( - )

1.3.4.3.1.2 Buddy Ray Wilson ( - )

1.3.4.3.1.3 Brant Wilson ( - )

1.3.4.3.2 Steve Romane ( - ) m. Eileen Bigby ( - )

1.3.4.3.2.1 Joshua Romane ( - )

1.3.4.3.3 Kennie Romane ( - )

1.3.4.3.4 Charles Lee Romane ( - ) m. Betty Newman ( - )

1.3.4.3.4.1 Charles Romane ( -dec.)

1.3.4.3.4.2 Elizabeth Romane ( - )

1.3.4.3.5 Patty Romane ( - ) m. Robert Kizer ( - )

1.3.4.3.5.1 Rita Marie Kizer  ( - )

1.3.4.3.6 Sherry Romane ( - )

1.3.4.3.6.1 Duane Romane ( - )

1.3.5 George (Bud) Hughes (1922-1982) m. Elizabeth (Betty) Kostich (1923- )

1.3.5.1 David Ira Hughes (1947- ) m. Janis Ann Bertolas (1946- )

1.3.5.1.1 Todd Bryon Hughes (1968- ) m. Paula Fannig ( - )

1.3.5.1.1.1 Amanda Leigh Hughes (1995- )

1.3.5.1.1.2 Peyton Ryan Hughes (1996- )

1.3.5.1.2 Jason Jon Hughes (1972- )

______________________________

1.4 Roy Marcus Hughes (1878-1956) m. Jennie Irene Newell (1885-1968)

1.4.1 Lora Hughes ( -dec.) m. Charles Russell ( - )

______________________________

1.5 Martha (Mattie) Almira Hughes (1881-1949) m. Bert J Rich (1877-1957)

1.5.1 Hazel Marion Rich (1906-1990) m. Roy Neil Gaasland (1905-1968)

1.5.1.1 Peter Andrew Gaasland (1937- ) m. Susan Gamble ( - )

1.5.1.1 Peter Andrew Gaasland (1937- ) m. Janice Mae Bland (EST 1938- )

1.5.1.1.1 Carrie Lynn Gaasland (1959- )

1.5.1.1.2 Cindy Lee Gaasland  (1962- ) m. Joel Clelland Willis (EST 1960- )

1.5.1.1.2.1 Maxwell Clelland Willis (1990- )

1.5.1.1.2.2 Samuel Earl Willis  (1995- )

1.5.1.1.2.3 Jack Jay Willis (1998- )

1.5.1.1.3 Katherine (Katie) Ann Gaasland (EST 1963- ) m. Michael Bechkowiak (1963- )

1.5.1.1.4 Kelli Kay Gaasland (1965- ) m. Gregory Stewart McNamara (EST 1963- )

1.5.1.1.4.1 Molly Katherine McNamara  (1990- )

1.5.1.1.4.2 Andrew Fowler McNamara  (1995- )

1.5.2 Lois Jeanette Rich (1908-1998) m. James Allen Bromley (1906-1993)

1.5.2.1 Geraldine Lois Bromley  (1930- ) m. Casey Vermeulen (1929- )

1.5.2.1.1 Georgia Lynn Vermeulen  (1949- ) m. Robert Campbell (EST 1947- )

1.5.2.1.2 Mark Allen Vermeulen (1951- ) m. Fae GarskeGarskeFae (EST 1953- )

1.5.2.1.2.1 Toby Jay Vermeulen (1975- ) m. ____________?

1.5.2.1.2.1.1 Lavoun Vermeulen

1.5.2.1.2.2 Rochele Nicole Vermeulen (1977- ) m.___________?

1.5.2.1.2.1.1 Trent __________?

1.5.2.1.2.1.2 Ivy__________?

1.5.2.1.3 Jay C. Vermeulen (1959- ) m. Julie Reamer (EST 1961- )

1.5.2.1.3.1 Jamie Cornelious Vermeulen (1979-1997)

1.5.2.2 Richard James Bromley  (1935- ) m. Davida Ann Swelander (1937- )

1.5.2.2.1 Robert James Bromley (1957- ) m. Kandy Jo Simshauser (EST 1956- )

1.5.2.2.1.1 Jeremiah James Bromley (1978- ) m. Sha'Ree Evonne Stehr (EST 1979- )

1.5.2.2.1.2 Terrel Joseph Bromley (1979- )

1.5.2.2.1.3 Catherine Jessie Bromley  (1981- )

1.5.2.2.2 John Richard Bromley (1959- ) m. Pamela Lynn Postma (EST 1963- )

1.5.2.2.2.1 Eric James Bromley (1986- )

1.5.2.2.2.2 Amanda Lynn Bromley  (1994- )

1.5.2.2.3 Kristi Lynn Bromley (1970- ) m. Randy Charles Visser (EST 1968- )

1.5.2.2.3.1 Rebecca Lynne Visser (1992- )

1.5.2.2.3.2 Raquelle Breeann Visser  (1994- )

1.5.2.2.3.3 Kohl Jacob Visser  (1998- )

1.5.3 Amy Ellen Rich (1910- ) m. William Hovey Clark (1901-1932)

1.5.3.1 Riley Bert Clark (1929-1929)

1.5.3.2 Patricia Rich Clark (1930-1978) m. Joseph Boyd Seely (1923-dec.)

1.5.3.2.1 Joseph Keith Seely (1951- ) m. Joan McCandless (1952- )

1.5.3.2.1.1 Josephine Seely (1974- ) m. Thomas Wesley Settle (1972- )

1.5.3.2.1.1.1 Mariam Settle (1996- )

1.5.3.2.1.2 Justus Cary Seely (1975- )

1.5.3.2.1.3 Jennifer Seely  (1979- )

1.5.3.2.1.4 Jeremy Clark Seely (1981- )

1.5.3.2.1.5 Jalene Seely (1985- )

105

1.5.3.2.2 Michelle Seely  (1953- ) m. Henson Walker Nielsen (1949- )

1.5.3.2.2.1 Stacey Nielsen (1973- ) m. Larry Devin Dyer (1970- )

1.5.3.2.2.1.1 TelTom Dyer (1993- )

1.5.3.2.2.1.2 Tiann Dyer (1995- )

1.5.3.2.2.1.3 Madalyn Dyer  (1996- )

1.5.3.2.2.2 Travis (Hank) LeGrande Nielson (1974- )

1.5.3.2.2.3 Keri Lynn Nielsen (1975-1985)

1.5.3.2.2.4 Jimie Marie Nielsen (1976- )

1.5.3.2.2.5 John S. Nielsen  (1980- )

1.5.3.2.2.6 Sara Nielsen (1981- )

1.5.3.2.2.7 Samuel H. Nielsen (1983- )

1.5.3.2.2.8 Willie Tug Nielsen (1987- )

1.5.3.2.3 Jeannette Seely (1956- ) m. Kraig Higginson (1955- )

1.5.3.2.3.1 Jessica Ann Higginson  (1977- )

1.5.3.2.3.2 Patricia Ann Higginson (1978- )

1.5.3.2.3.3 Krista Ann Higginson  (1980- )

1.5.3.2.3.4 Eric Kraig Higginson (1982- )

1.5.3.2.3.5 Kara Ann Higginson  (1983- )

1.5.3.2.3.6 Lisa Ann Higginson (1985- )

1.5.3.2.3.7 Rebecca Ann Higginson (1987- )

1.5.3.2.4 Robert (Bobby) William Wilbur Seely  (1959- ) m. Jean Rosetta Purpur (1955- )

1.5.3.2.4.1 Chancy Jean Seely (1989- )

1.5.3.2.4.2 Robert (Robbie) Adam Seely (1990- )

1.5.3.3 James Rich Clark (1931-1931) m. William Tillack Sykes (1901-1979)

1.5.3.1 Jeanne Carolyn Sykes (1936- ) m. Theodore E. ("Ted") Blair (EST 1930- )

1.5.3.2 Nancy Lee Sykes (1939- ) m. Rodney Wensel (1933- )

1.5.3.2.1 Craig Wensel (1955- ) m. Terry Bushinski (EST 1957- )

1.5.3.2.2 Lori Lee Wensel (1962- ) m. Rory Grammar (EST 1960- )

1.5.3.2.3 Jacki Lynn Wensel (1964- ) m. Kenneth Dyck (EST 1962- )

1.5.3.3 John Philip Sykes (1941-1978) m. Annette Van den Elsen (1942- )

1.5.3.3.1 Carl Sykes (1966- )

1.5.3.3.2 Preston Sykes (1969- )

1.5.3.4 Robert William Sykes (1947- ) m. Linda Grell (1948- )

1.5.3.4.1 Heather Lynne Sykes (1972- )

_____________________________

1.6 Thomas Sievers (TS) Hughes (1884-1964) m. Emily Amelia (Emilia?) Mackel (1887-1979)

1.6.1 Edwin (Ed) Army Hughes (1909-1998) m. Margaret Jane Howells (1911-1991)

1.6.1.1 Lee Edwin Hughes (1933- ) m. Mary Ellen Bjork (1938- )

1.6.1.1.1 Daniel Edwin Hughes (1958- )

1.6.1.1.2 Donna Susan (Sue) Hughes (1959- ) m. Roger Lamberau ( - )

1.6.1.1.2 Donna Susan (Sue) Hughes (1959- ) 2nd m. Gorden Ware ( - )

1.6.1.1.3 Douglas Lee Hughes Nknm: Doug (1961- )

1.6.1.1 Lee Edwin Hughes (1933- ) 2nd m. Karen Higgins (1954- )

1.6.1.2 David (Dave) Tom Hughes (1936- ) m . Margaret (Marge) Nevin Highley (1943- )

1.6.1.2.1 Alexander (Alex) David Hughes (Alex) David (1972- )

1.6.1.2.2 Mary Bowen Hughes (1975- )

1.6.2 Lewis Alexander Hughes (1911-1995) m. Mildred Ellen Sprout Nknm: Midge (1913-1987)

1.6.2.1 Larry Allen Hughes (1940- ) m. Claudette Breshears (1943- )

1.6.2.1.1 Creyton Allen Hughes (1968- ) m. Michelle Holtan (1970- )

1.6.2.1.1.1 Justin Hughes

1.6.2.1.2 Tracy Renee Hughes (1972- )

1.6.3 Marjorie (Margie) Ethel Hughes (1913-1994) m. Robert Lee Cowan Nknm: Lee (1911-1994)

1.6.3.1 Gary Lawrence Cowan (1934- ) m. Dorothy Roberts (1935- )

1.6.3.1.1 Laura Anne Cowan (1966- ) m. Todd Shogrun ( -dec.)

1.6.3.1.2 William Roberts Cowan Nknm: Bill (1972- )

1.6.3.2 Deane Cowan (1941- ) m. Lyle Johnson (1942-1967)

1.6.3.2 Deane Cowan (1941- ) 2nd m. Ralph Bishir ( -1991)

1.6.3.2.1 Lee Robert Cowan (1969- ) m. Diana Adcock (EST 1969- )

1.6.3.2.1.1 McCreary Lee Cowan (1988- )

1.6.3.2.1.2 Callie Marie Cowan (1989- )

1.6.3.3 Lexi Lee Cowan (1953- ) m. James Marsh ( - )

1.6.4 Robert (Bob) Roy Hughes (1915- ) m. Naomi Pearl Bethea (1918- )

1.6.4.1 Barbara Lou Hughes Nknm: Dixie (1939- ) m. Theodore Joseph Waterhouse (1932- )

1.6.4.1.1 Tracie Pearl Waterhouse (1960- ) m. Don Morris (1955- )

1.6.4.1.1.1 Cameo Bethea Morris (1984- )

1.6.4.1.1.2 Addilee Morris (1986- )

1.6.4.1.1.3 Sean Joseph Morris (1990- )

1.6.4.1.2 Terry Michael Waterhouse (1962- ) m. Debbie Jacobson(?)( - ) 

1.6.4.1.2.1 Michael Joseph Waterhouse (1985- )

1.6.4.1.3 Michelle (Micki) Bethea Waterhouse (1963- ) m. John King (EST 1960- )

1.6.4.1.3.1 Rachel Naomi King  (1984- )

1.6.4.1.3.2 Tabitha Lila King  (1986- )

1.6.4.1.3.3 Elizabeth Michelle King  (1988- )

1.6.4.1.3.4 Sarah Margaret King (1989- )

1.6.4.1.3.5 Rebekah Mary-Joy King (1991- )

1.6.4.1.3.6 John McCandish King nknm: Mac' (1993- )

1.6.4.1.3.7 Hannah Bethea King (1995- )

1.6.4.1.3.8 Emmalee (Emma) Ruth King (1998- )

1.6.4.1.3.9 Naomi Pearl King (2001-)

1.6.4.2 Robert (Bob, Bud) Vernon Hughes (1941- ) m. Linda Joan Williams (1943- )

1.6.4.2.1 Daniel Robert Hughes (1963- )  m. Charlene Norma Flood (1964- )

1.6.4.2.1.1 Jeremiah Daniel Hughes Nknm: Jeremy (1986-)

1.6.4.2.2 Shelley Marie Hughes (1966- ) m. David Malcolm (EST 1965- )

1.6.4.2.2.1 Alec Donald Malcolm (1999- )

1.6.5 Thomas (Tommy,Tom) Wesley Hughes (1923- ) m. Darlene Emma Harris (1930- )

1.6.5.1 Paula Irene Hughes (1951- ) m. Jimmy Ross Plettenberg (1945- )

1.6.5.1.1 Wesley James Plettenberg (1973- ) m. Tammy Jo Garrad (1970- )

1.6.5.1.1.1 Kody James Plettenberg (1995- )

1.6.5.2 Terry Lee Hughes (1953- ) m. Cliffton Jack Reed Nknm: Cliff (1950- )

1.6.5.2.1 Clifford Thomas Reed (1970- ) m. Amy Jo Christenson (1972- )

1.6.5.2.1.1 Katelynn Debra Reed (1993- )

1.6.5.2.1.2 Ashley Morgan Reed (1995- )

1.6.5.2.2 Russell Kent Reed (1973- )

__________________________________

1.7 Lora May Hughes (1891-1990) m. Fred Lade (1887-1985)

1.7.1 Elmer V. Lade (1911-1974) m. Carol (Cris) Blizard (1911-1999)

1.7.1.1 Hugh Blizard Lade (1943 - ) m. Carol Robertson (1944 - )

1.7.1.1.1 Brian Duncan Lade (1976- )

1.7.1.1.2 Emily Elizabeth Lade (1978- )

1.7.1.1.2.1 Desmond Hugh Healy (July, 2001- )

1.7.2 Owen Merritt Lade (1917-1972) m. Helen Sprout ( - )

1.7.2.1 Susan Lade ( - ) m. Dale Andrew Fredrikson ( - )

1.7.2.1.1 Daniel Owen Fredrikson (1976- )

1.7.2.1.2 Christie Aileen Fredrikson (1978- )

1.7.2.2 Michael Owen Lade ( - )

1.7.2.2.1 Wendy Lade ( - ) m. Henry Clyde Merritt ( - )

____________________________________

1.8  ("Aunt") Ina Hughes (1893-1986) m. Clarence Edward Kirkman (EST 1894-1976)

 

 

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Hughes Settlement and
Burial Sites in Colonial Pennsylvania,
Canada, Iowa, Kansas, and Washington

(These pictures were taken mainly in 1996 and 1997)

 

Places                                             Pages

 

Pennsylvania Map                                                                 122
     Gwynedd, Montgomery County                                      124 -126
      Exeter, Berks County                                                      128–132

Pennsylvania Map                                                                 134
      Catawissa, Columbia County                                          135-141
      Roaring Creek, Columbia County                                   143-145

Canada Map                                                                          147
      Pickering, Ontario Province                                            148-150
Iowa Map                                                                               152
          Mahaska and Henry Counties                                      153 -158
Kansas Map                                                                            160
         Seneca, Nemaha County                                               161-162
Washington (Map)                                                                  164
         Sumas, Whatcom County                                              165 -166

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Our Hughes Ancestors in Pennsylvania 

Gwynedd (1698 - 1731), Exeter (1731 - 1734)
Catawissa and Roaring Creek (1774 - 1805)

 

 

==================================================================================== 

PENNSYLVANIA 

Gwynedd, Montgomery County

 

Pages 124-126

 

 

            Welch immigrant, John Hugh, was a pioneer settler here, just north of Philadelphia, in 1698.

         ====================================================================================

Gwynedd Meeting 
Founded 1699 by John Hugh
other 1698 Welsh Quaker Migrants

 

Current Gwynedd Meeting House
And Associated Friends Burial Ground

 

 

Gwynedd Meeting
Two Hughes (Hughs) Headstones, (Not Our Direct Ancestors)

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PENNSYLVANIA

Exeter, Berks Count 

Pages 128-132

The first three Hughes generations in America, including immigrant John Hugh (died 1736) and his son and grandson, Ellis and John Hughes (both died 1764), and many in their families are buried here, about ten miles southeast of Reading.

Exeter Friends Meeting
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission

 

Exeter Friends Meeting
Building constructed in 1759

 

 

Exeter Friends Meeting
Inscribed Rock Sign Mentions
Daniel Boone and Abraham Lincoln

 

 

Exeter Friends Meeting
Burial Grounds With Entrance Sign
Our Direct Hughes Ancestors in Good Company

 

 

 

Exeter Friends Meeting Burial Ground
John Hugh, Son Ellis, and Grandson John, Lie here in Unmarked  Graves
First Three of Our Direct Ancestral Generations in America.

 

 

 

 

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PENNSYLVANIA

Catawissa, Columbia County

 

Pages 135- 141

 

The fourth generation of our Hughes line in America, George Hughes (died 1795) and his wife Martha (Boone), are interred either here or in Catawissa on the south bank of the Susquehanna River, or in the Roaring Creek Friends burial ground. (See next Section.)

========================================================================================= 
                                                                   

                                                                      Our Hughes Ancestors in Pennsylvania

Gwynedd (1698 – 1731), Exeter (1731 – 1774)
Catawissa and Roaring Creek (1774 – 1805)

 

=========================================================================================  

 

Catawissa Friends Meeting

                                                               William Hughes Named Founder of Catawissa
                                                                           Town Initially  Called Hughesburg

 

Catawissa Friends Meeting
Views of Preserved Log Meeting House.

 

 

Catawissa Friends Meeting
A William and a George Hughes
Inscriptions Obscure

 

 

                                                            Catawissa Friends Meeting
                                                            Row of Five Hughes Graves

                                                                           And a Hughes Child 

 

Catawissa Friends Meeting
Jeremiam and Isaiam
Two Hughes Children Side by Side

 

 

 

Catawissa Friends Meeting
William and Drusilla Hughes
Side by Side (Nineteenth Century)

 

Catawissa Friends Meeting
Two Hughes Graves

                                                                           One a Civil War Veteran With New Headstone

 

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PENNSYLVANIA

Roaring Creek, Columbia County

(Pages  142– 144)

  

 

The fourth generation of our Hughes line in America, George Hughes (died 1795) and his wife, Martha (Boone), are interred either here in Roaring Creek, a few miles from Catawissa, or in Catawissa. (See previous Section.)

 

========================================================================================= 

Roaring Creek Meeting
Preserved Log Structure Constructed in 1796
Sited in a Rural Farm  Area

 

Roaring Creek Meeting
Views Including the Burial Ground’s “New Section”

 

Roaring Creek Meeting
Two Hughes Graves
(Inscriptions Illegible)

    

========================================================================================= 

 

CANADA

Pickering, Ontario Province

 

(Pages 148 -150)

 

 

 

James Hughes (fifth generation, died 1867) and his wife, Martha (Penrose), are buried here, just north of Toronto

 

========================================================================================= 

Our Hughes Ancestors in Canada

Ontario: Uxbridge and Pickering
(1805 – 1853)

=========================================================================================  

Pickering, Ontario, Canada
James Hughes and Martha (Penrose) Hughes

 

 

Pickering, Ontario, Canada

 

          James Hughes                                                Martha Hughes

                                                                                   Beloved Wife of
                                                                                   James Hughes

           Born                                                                        Born                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Dec 9, 1773                                                                   May 6, 1779
Died                                                                               Died
July 27, 1867                                                                 Aug 2, 1866

 

Pickering, Ontario. Canada 

In Memory of
Rebecca Hughes
Wife of
Wing Rogers                                        Wing Rogers
Died                                                           Died
                    7th Month 23rd day 1882                             2^nd of 11^th mo 1888           
     Aged                                                      Aged
                       83 yrs & 9 mos                                   86 yrs &10 mo & 28 dys

  

  

========================================================================================= 

 

IOWA

Cedar, Muscatine

Mahaska, and Henry Counties

(Pages 153 - 158)

 

 

George Hughes (sixth generation – died 1851), his wife Rachel (Taylor), and one daughter, (Angie) are interred at Salem’s South Cemetery in Henry County.

  

========================================================================================= 

Our Hughes Ancestors in Iowa
Cedar and Muscatine Counties (1853 to mid-1860s)
Mahaska County (mid-1860s to 1881)
Salem, Henry County (1881 to 1906)

Salem, Henry County, Iowa
Quaker, Shrine in Salem
Salem South Cemetery Where Hugheses are Buried

 

 

 

Salem, Henry County, Iowa
Salem South Cemetery
George, Rachel, and Angie¹ Hughes
At Rest Side by Side

 

 

                                                                  1. Angie’s Gravestone on the right has fallen over

 

Salem, Henry County 
Salem South Cemetery
George Hughes
Born
8^th Mo 4^th 1803

Died
7^th Mo 20^th 1883
At Rest

 

 

Salem, Henry County, Iowa
Salem South Cemetery
Rachel
Wife of
George Hughes
Born
11th Mo 1st 1889

Died
5th Mo 13th 1906
Aged
96 Yrs 6Mo 12 Ds

 

 

                                                                                   Salem, Henry County, Iowa
                                                                                        Salem South Cemetery
                                                                                        Angeline
                                                                  Daughter of  George and Rachel  Hughes

Died
Jan 15, 1896

Aged
64Y 9M 16D

 Mahaska County, Iowa

Top: Rachel Hughes's 1860 Land Purchase

Bottom: Edwin Hughes's 1865-66 Land Purchase

============================================================================= 

 

KANSAS

Seneca, Nemaha County

 

(Pages 161 –162)

Edwin Hughes (seventh generation - died 1908) and his wife, Mary (Sadler) are interred here.

 

=========================================================================================  

 

Our Hughes Ancestors in Kansas

Seneca, Nemaho County
(mid-1870s to 1910)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Seneca, Nemaha County, Kansas
Seneca City Cemetery

Edwin and Mary Hughes
(Bottom, Headstones Inset in Ground)

 

 

 

 

 

Seneca, Nemaha County, Kansas

Seneca City Cemetery

 

Edwin and Mary Hughes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

======================================================================

WASHINGTON

Sumas, Whatcom County

 

(Pages 164 – 165) 

                John Wesley Hughes, (eighth generation – died 1912) and his wife Sarah (Vincent) are interred here

 

 =======================================================================

Our Hughes Ancestors in Washington 
Sumas, Whatcom County (1900 to 1922)

 

 

 

 

========================================================================================= 

Sumas, Whatcom County, Washington

Sumas Cemetery

This apparently is the original stone placed in 1912. All other sources gives John W’s birth year as 1853.

Sumas, Whatcom County, Washington
Sumas Cemetery

 

John Wesley Hughes (newer headstone) 

 

 

===================================================================================== 

====================================================================================== 

[1]           Including the descendants of my Grand Father’s siblings, more than 90 percent of living Hughes descendants whose addresses I know reside in Washington, Oregon, Utah, and Montana.  The remainder live in Canada and 13 states, including Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Idaho, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

[2]     The spelling, grammar, and punctuation are those of the translator.

³ The months cited by Edward are based on the Julian calendar and the Quaker system of counting, instead of naming, the months.  Under the Quaker system, March was the "1st month."

 ⁴John Hugh, John Humphery and his nephew, Rowland Ellis, were the only Quaker men on the 1698 voyage from Wales.  Many shipmates, who had been with the Church of England, converted later.

[5]           The moldboard iron plow wasn't developed and patented until about a century later.

[6]           This area  in Wales was encompassed in an area called Gywnedd in the same sense that Montana is encompassed in "the West."  Gywnedd, or north Wales, had fought to sustain its way of life for centuries, first against the Romans in about 50 BC, then the Vikings, the Normans, etc.  They remained isolated and set in their ways even after succumbing to Edward the First in the 13th century.

[7]           Websters Third New International Dictionary describes a perch, in the context of British measurement, as, "Any of various units of measure for stonework."

[8]           Unfortunately, Quaker records also show that Martha Caimot is buried with John in the Exeter Friends Meeting burial ground.  The information is contradictory.

[9]           She was one of the nine children who Edward Foulke said escaped the "sore mortality through the favor and mercy of Devine Providence," in his account of the voyage on the Robert and Elizabeth.

[10]          This sort of "early" birth has not been all that uncommon among firstborn Hughes's.

[11]          The area was still in Philadelphia County.  Berks County wasn't created out of the Oley Valley section of Philadelphia County until 1752.

[12]          HABS records are available for public use at the Library of Congress (Prints and Photographs Division) in Washington, DC.

[13]          Within about 10 miles is the Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site.

14           Hannah Yarnall's mother was Mary Lincoln of the Exeter Meeting family which is in Abraham Lincoln's ancestral line.

15            The settlement that grew up around Harris's ferry landing later became present day Harrisburg.

16          I do not know the exact relationship of this William Hughes to our direct descendants.  He was not our third generation ancestor's (John Hughes's) brother, William, who had died in 1776.

17        Edward Shippin Jr. and Joseph Shippin Jr., who had purchased the land sight unseen from the "Proprietaries of Pennsylvania.”

[18]          The date on the Pennsylvania state historical sign (in the pictures) claiming that the Quaker Meeting House was built about 1775 is probably incorrect.  That was the year of the first Quaker meetings there, but these were held at Ellis and Hannah Hughes's home, well before the Meeting House had been built.

19                   Note at the map's top the "Old Original Yard ... filled 1856."  I can make out eleven Hughes names among the graves listed.  Also, the Hughes's were related by marriage to
the Lees and Cheringtons.

[20]          The word, "Wyoming," comes from the Delaware Indian word, M'cheuwomink.

[21]          This is roughly the path of present day U.S. Route 15, except that U.S. 15 continues north to Rochester, New York.

[22]          Johnson, Leo, A., History of the County of Ontario, 1973, The Corporation of the County of Ontario, pg. 46.

23             Timothy Rogers was Kathy Miklovich's  four-greats grandfather, if I have that right, and was related to our ancestors because his son, Wing Rogers, married James Hughes's oldest daughter, Rebecca.

24           The whole journal tells a lively story, especially of Timothy's childhood, when he was "...put out I livd among other pepil till I was about six years old and as they told me I was yoused very hard ...etc." and about his schooling, "I desir that all parens or gardeens will try to give ther childorn larning."  I would love to have heard him speak to hear the accent. 

[25]          This created unusual relationships whereby Edwin's and Mary's daughter Martha Ann (Mattie #2) was older than her uncles John Alfred and T.C. Hughes and her aunt Hattie; William was older than Hattie and T.C.; and John Wesley was older than T.C.

[26]          These births actually probably took place at home on their farms, but are listed in census records as having occurred at their post office addresses.

[27]          I have no explanation as to why Rachel, and not George or the two of them together, took this action.

[28]          The Salem newspaper was not yet in publication when George died, and we were unable to find an obituary for him during our 1997 visit to the area.

[29]          Greenbury would have been 16 when the Civil War started.  He and Sarah were married in 1867, after the war ended.  The pension may well have been from Civil War service.

[30]          T.S. kept a trip diary, which RR (Bob) Hughes has transcribed  onto his computer.

[31]          In opposition to other sources, J.W.'s gravestone gives his birthyear as 1852.  This leads me to speculate that his birth may have been fudged a year in census reports to establish U.S., instead of British, citizenship.  On the other hand, incorrect gravestone markings are not unusual.

[32]          I knew Tom Vincent as "Uncle Tom," as he was generally known in the area of his McAllister, Montana home.   He was, in fact, the uncle of my grand father's (T.S.'s) generation of Hughes's.

[33]          Smoke damage to Edwin's lungs suffered while helping to save fellow workers in a mining accident in Montana led to his death.

[34]          I remember William as "Old Bill."

[35]          They are not thought to have actually reached the gold mining area around Dawson Creek in Canada, nor to have prospected for or worked a gold mining claim.

[36]          Having grown up in the Madison Valley, I can attest to Montana's ability to inflict day after day of unceasingly hard, cold wind, especially in the fall, winter, and spring.

[37]          There are two "Meadow Creeks," south and north, which after joining flow into the Madison River.

[38]          I have not yet located an obituary for John Wesley Hughes.

[39]          May Stansbury Mansfield was Mrs. Walter D. Mansfield of San Francisco, and is listed in Browning's "Colonial Dames of Royal Descent," pg. 389.  I have not yet located this book.  She was descended from Ellis's son, William.

           =========================================================================================